{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389302051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice/itmc58018.2023.10332318","title":"The exploitation of Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies toward efficient spectrum management in South Africa","display_name":"The exploitation of Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies toward efficient spectrum management in South Africa","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389302051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice/itmc58018.2023.10332318"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ice/itmc58018.2023.10332318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ice/itmc58018.2023.10332318","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093413123","display_name":"Davis Kgosimolao Moshweunyane","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davis Kgosimolao Moshweunyane","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pretoria,Graduate School of Technology Management,Department of Engineering and Technology Management,Pretoria,South Africa","Department of Engineering and Technology Management, Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pretoria,Graduate School of Technology Management,Department of Engineering and Technology Management,Pretoria,South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Technology Management, Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053679462","display_name":"Marthinus W. Pretorius","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-4838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marthinus W Pretorius","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pretoria,Graduate School of Technology Management,Department of Engineering and Technology Management,Pretoria,South Africa","Department of Engineering and Technology Management, Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pretoria,Graduate School of Technology Management,Department of Engineering and Technology Management,Pretoria,South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Technology Management, Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093413123"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1350405,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2015","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11903","display_name":"Private Equity and Venture Capital","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.5753275156021118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-and-communications-technology","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","score":0.5582990050315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delphi-method","display_name":"Delphi method","score":0.5576876997947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strengths-and-weaknesses","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","score":0.5364634990692139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.5155765414237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.5132014751434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5018064975738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49385935068130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-model","display_name":"Conceptual model","score":0.4915085732936859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-management","display_name":"Technology management","score":0.4664000868797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework","display_name":"Conceptual framework","score":0.4360194802284241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3614939749240875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3566455543041229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3365705907344818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.32277441024780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09928750991821289}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.5753275156021118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.5582990050315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60641444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841602","display_name":"Delphi method","level":2,"score":0.5576876997947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.5364634990692139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.5155765414237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.5132014751434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5018064975738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49385935068130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.4915085732936859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143219415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417293","display_name":"Technology management","level":2,"score":0.4664000868797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.4360194802284241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3614939749240875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3566455543041229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3365705907344818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.32277441024780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09928750991821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ice/itmc58018.2023.10332318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ice/itmc58018.2023.10332318","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970434871","https://openalex.org/W1973310836","https://openalex.org/W1998489937","https://openalex.org/W2006873532","https://openalex.org/W2022993334","https://openalex.org/W2042712508","https://openalex.org/W2050046519","https://openalex.org/W2056121265","https://openalex.org/W2069974523","https://openalex.org/W2100456585","https://openalex.org/W2101860328","https://openalex.org/W2119487940","https://openalex.org/W2156784038","https://openalex.org/W2176694220","https://openalex.org/W2189424458","https://openalex.org/W2191045182","https://openalex.org/W2281415803","https://openalex.org/W2466367256","https://openalex.org/W2541386308","https://openalex.org/W2562712848","https://openalex.org/W2583208504","https://openalex.org/W2746980057","https://openalex.org/W2753520429","https://openalex.org/W3024647421","https://openalex.org/W3094503471","https://openalex.org/W3173740378","https://openalex.org/W3183665900","https://openalex.org/W3196551139","https://openalex.org/W4233846963","https://openalex.org/W4244487528","https://openalex.org/W4282548411","https://openalex.org/W4285225578","https://openalex.org/W6628824876","https://openalex.org/W6632281396","https://openalex.org/W6741176988"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032173988","https://openalex.org/W2559018174","https://openalex.org/W3083332579","https://openalex.org/W3029827894","https://openalex.org/W1523348749","https://openalex.org/W2062050714","https://openalex.org/W1988710066","https://openalex.org/W2148840849","https://openalex.org/W2348470936","https://openalex.org/W4232481898"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,57,94,113,137,187],"qualitative":[1],"study":[2,189],"investigated":[3],"the":[4,9,16,35,41,51,63,67,72,80,116,127,132,141,151,162,172,194,205],"weaknesses":[5,130],"and":[6,15,43,78,91,129,155,198],"strengths":[7,128],"of":[8,66,75,131,183,196],"currently":[10,133],"employed":[11,134],"spectrum":[12,54,76,119,135,154,211],"management":[13,77,120],"framework":[14],"Fourth":[17],"Industrial":[18],"Revolution":[19],"(4IR)":[20],"technologies":[21,69,143,207],"that":[22,39,86,144],"can":[23,145,158],"be":[24,122,146,159],"exploited":[25,147],"to":[26,71,121,148,168,180],"efficiently":[27,49,149],"manage":[28,150],"radio":[29,52,152,209],"frequency":[30,53,153,210],"spectrum.":[31],"It":[32],"also":[33,79],"determined":[34],"technology":[36,81,92,163,178],"roadmap":[37,82,164,179],"process":[38,165],"informs":[40],"Information":[42],"Communications":[44],"Technology":[45],"(ICT)":[46],"Regulators":[47],"in":[48,175,193,208],"managing":[50],"amid":[55],"4IR.":[56],"conceptual":[58,84,95],"models":[59,96],"were":[60,97],"developed,":[61],"demonstrating":[62],"abstract":[64],"applications":[65],"4IR":[68,142,185,206],"aligned":[70],"four":[73],"pillars":[74],"process'":[83],"model":[85],"brought":[87],"together":[88],"market":[89],"pull":[90],"push.":[93],"tested":[98],"through":[99],"semi-structured":[100],"interview":[101],"data":[102],"from":[103],"eight":[104],"expert-level":[105],"participants":[106],"with":[107],"a":[108,177,191,200],"two-step":[109],"Delphi":[110],"technique":[111],"applied.":[112],"findings":[114,125],"revealed":[115],"need":[117],"for":[118,203],"reformed,":[123],"considering":[124],"on":[126],"management.":[136,212],"results":[138],"further":[139],"highlighted":[140],"how":[156],"they":[157],"implemented.":[160],"Lastly,":[161],"was":[166],"established":[167],"inform":[169],"or":[170],"guide":[171],"ICT":[173],"regulators":[174],"formulating":[176],"take":[181],"advantage":[182],"emerging":[184],"technologies.":[186],"research":[188],"closes":[190],"gap":[192],"body":[195],"knowledge":[197],"provides":[199],"different":[201],"tact":[202],"exploiting":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
