{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209378500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice/itmc52061.2021.9570211","title":"Geo-Fencing Model for Real-time Querying of Land Status in Njoro, Kenya","display_name":"Geo-Fencing Model for Real-time Querying of Land Status in Njoro, Kenya","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209378500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice/itmc52061.2021.9570211","mag":"3209378500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ice/itmc52061.2021.9570211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice/itmc52061.2021.9570211","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043281656","display_name":"Kageche John Wairimu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131884745","display_name":"KCA University","ror":"https://ror.org/050pcd452","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131884745"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kageche John Wairimu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Technology, KCA University, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Technology, KCA University, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131884745"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065341423","display_name":"Lucy Waruguru Mburu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6822-4954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131884745","display_name":"KCA University","ror":"https://ror.org/050pcd452","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131884745"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucy Waruguru Mburu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Technology, KCA University, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Technology, KCA University, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131884745"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131884745"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2677305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11789","display_name":"Land Rights and Reforms","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11789","display_name":"Land Rights and Reforms","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadastre","display_name":"Cadastre","score":0.6329508423805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-information-system","display_name":"Land information system","score":0.622948408126831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.5933669805526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.567410945892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-tenure","display_name":"Land tenure","score":0.5511052012443542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subdivision","display_name":"Subdivision","score":0.5372158885002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5060791373252869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.4944918155670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.47278615832328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asset","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","score":0.45705080032348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-registration","display_name":"Land registration","score":0.45366671681404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.4481465220451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-management","display_name":"Land management","score":0.4394034147262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.42709916830062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-planning","display_name":"Environmental planning","score":0.4199441075325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4117283821105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.26211005449295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.22144931554794312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.15704280138015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.15003502368927002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.1465650498867035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.14370691776275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.13852274417877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11088886857032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.10382887721061707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.10083553194999695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134207755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191072","display_name":"Cadastre","level":2,"score":0.6329508423805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61703769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9350471","display_name":"Land information system","level":4,"score":0.622948408126831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.5933669805526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.567410945892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137607661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66493932","display_name":"Land tenure","level":3,"score":0.5511052012443542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143392562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q449111","display_name":"Subdivision","level":2,"score":0.5372158885002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5060791373252869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.4944918155670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.47278615832328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.45705080032348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q672598","display_name":"Land registration","level":4,"score":0.45366671681404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4481465220451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559400886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001056","display_name":"Land management","level":3,"score":0.4394034147262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.42709916830062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.4199441075325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4117283821105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26211005449295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.22144931554794312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.15704280138015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.15003502368927002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.1465650498867035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.14370691776275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.13852274417877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11088886857032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.10382887721061707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.10083553194999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ice/itmc52061.2021.9570211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ice/itmc52061.2021.9570211","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986950258","https://openalex.org/W2015784393","https://openalex.org/W2276922712","https://openalex.org/W2560608502","https://openalex.org/W2588815122","https://openalex.org/W2599777322","https://openalex.org/W2608011655","https://openalex.org/W2764146115","https://openalex.org/W2765784675","https://openalex.org/W2799218880","https://openalex.org/W2799421742","https://openalex.org/W2886999207","https://openalex.org/W2915869447","https://openalex.org/W2927720956","https://openalex.org/W6733275586","https://openalex.org/W6735784998","https://openalex.org/W6759844311","https://openalex.org/W6760836747"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511565827","https://openalex.org/W2182726005","https://openalex.org/W2165447707","https://openalex.org/W4313182356","https://openalex.org/W2436558818","https://openalex.org/W1579157318","https://openalex.org/W2469019300","https://openalex.org/W2560074593","https://openalex.org/W2164176437","https://openalex.org/W2369612198"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Land":[0],"is":[1,213],"a":[2,68,89,128,152,164],"vital":[3],"asset":[4],"for":[5,166,177,180],"societal":[6],"and":[7,31,54,66,78,111,137,157,169,184,198,206,229,233],"economic":[8],"resilience":[9],"in":[10,27,36,52,107,224],"many":[11],"developing":[12],"countries.":[13],"In":[14],"Kenya,":[15],"the":[16,24,37,44,63,108,145,193,225,231],"rate":[17],"of":[18,33,41,81,115,148,161,217,239],"land":[19,35,55,64,82,98,103,109,117,162,182,196,227,240],"subdivision":[20,197],"has":[21,58],"accelerated":[22],"with":[23,163],"rapid":[25],"increase":[26],"population.":[28],"Continuous":[29],"urbanization":[30],"availability":[32],"arable":[34],"Njoro":[38,149],"urban":[39],"area":[40,150],"Nakuru":[42],"county,":[43],"study":[45],"site,":[46],"have":[47],"led":[48],"to":[49,70,73,87,125,134,143,202],"fast":[50],"changes":[51],"ownership":[53,83,185],"subdivision.":[56],"This":[57],"put":[59],"immense":[60],"pressure":[61],"on":[62],"registry":[65,110,228],"posed":[67],"challenge":[69],"landowners":[71],"wishing":[72],"manage":[74],"their":[75,97],"parcels.":[76],"Socioeconomic":[77],"political":[79],"implications":[80],"make":[84],"it":[85],"imperative":[86],"innovate":[88],"transparent":[90],"system":[91,155],"that":[92,130,200,215,235],"will":[93,220],"enable":[94],"users":[95],"locate":[96],"using":[99],"GPS,":[100],"monitor":[101],"future":[102],"subdivision,":[104],"control":[105],"fraud":[106,232],"store":[112],"electronic":[113],"logs":[114],"historical":[116],"processing.":[118],"The":[119,140],"current":[120],"research":[121,219],"work":[122],"set":[123],"out":[124],"develop":[126],"such":[127],"mechanism":[129],"provides":[131],"real-time":[132],"information":[133,154],"landowners,":[135],"buyers":[136],"other":[138],"stakeholders.":[139],"tasks":[141],"were":[142,175,209],"map":[144,147],"cadastral":[146],"onto":[151],"geographic":[153],"(GIS)":[156],"allocate":[158],"each":[159,178],"portion":[160],"centroid":[165],"storing":[167],"size":[168],"location":[170],"information.":[171],"Electronic":[172],"green":[173],"cards":[174],"generated":[176],"parcel":[179],"logging":[181],"status-":[183],"changes.":[186],"A":[187],"weighted":[188],"spatial":[189],"regression":[190],"model":[191],"assessed":[192],"factors":[194],"influencing":[195],"discovered":[199],"proximity":[201],"schools,":[203],"shopping":[204],"centers":[205],"major":[207],"roads":[208],"highly":[210],"significant.":[211],"It":[212],"expected":[214],"results":[216],"this":[218],"advise":[221],"policy":[222],"formulation":[223],"Kenyan":[226],"minimize":[230],"corruption":[234],"accompany":[236],"manual":[237],"management":[238],"records.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}