{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142775019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdsp.2002.1028240","title":"Feature extraction with wavelet transform for recognition of isolated handwritten Farsi/Arabic characters and numerals","display_name":"Feature extraction with wavelet transform for recognition of isolated handwritten Farsi/Arabic characters and numerals","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142775019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdsp.2002.1028240","mag":"2142775019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdsp.2002.1028240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdsp.2002.1028240","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2002 14th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing Proceedings. DSP 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8628)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026186154","display_name":"A. Mowlaei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Mowlaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["E.E. Department, Amirkabir University of Technology\uc2a0, Tehran, Iran","Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IRAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E.E. Department, Amirkabir University of Technology\uc2a0, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IRAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087876394","display_name":"Karim Faez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-4866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Faez","raw_affiliation_strings":["E.E. Department, Amirkabir University of Technology\uc2a0, Tehran, Iran","Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IRAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E.E. Department, Amirkabir University of Technology\uc2a0, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IRAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060690714","display_name":"Abolfazl Toroghi Haghighat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4500-274X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.T. Haghighat","raw_affiliation_strings":["E.E. Department, Amirkabir University of Technology\uc2a0, Tehran, Iran","Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IRAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E.E. Department, Amirkabir University of Technology\uc2a0, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IRAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"923","last_page":"926"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9684000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numeral-system","display_name":"Numeral system","score":0.7054585814476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6864156126976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6597535610198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6044983267784119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5560196042060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5485265851020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.47232383489608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.46809816360473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.4121248126029968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4037032127380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3872213661670685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.10091930627822876}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204160518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122653","display_name":"Numeral system","level":2,"score":0.7054585814476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6864156126976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6597535610198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6044983267784119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5560196042060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5485265851020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47232383489608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.46809816360473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.4121248126029968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4037032127380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3872213661670685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.10091930627822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdsp.2002.1028240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdsp.2002.1028240","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2002 14th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing Proceedings. DSP 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8628)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W611397458","https://openalex.org/W1622620102","https://openalex.org/W1884234530","https://openalex.org/W1986358255","https://openalex.org/W2062024414","https://openalex.org/W2103384342","https://openalex.org/W2119065335","https://openalex.org/W2132984323","https://openalex.org/W2142069714","https://openalex.org/W2160035919"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2539042112","https://openalex.org/W587872652","https://openalex.org/W4234680390","https://openalex.org/W2378136823","https://openalex.org/W2376285871","https://openalex.org/W3202497208","https://openalex.org/W2025860571","https://openalex.org/W2389956414","https://openalex.org/W2379723120","https://openalex.org/W4313391810"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"system":[1,125,148,174],"is":[2,16],"developed":[3],"for":[4,25,31,122,134,149,181],"recognition":[5,177],"of":[6,87,105,130,138,159,179],"handwritten":[7,139,152],"Farsi/Arabic":[8,101],"characters":[9,76,86,141],"and":[10,58,70,132,142,161],"numerals.":[11],"The":[12,37,56,173],"discrete":[13],"wavelet":[14,20,30],"transform":[15],"utilized":[17],"to":[18,45,80,93],"produce":[19],"coefficients,":[21],"which":[22,85,155],"are":[23,40,90,97,107],"used":[24,28,41,109,146],"classification.":[26],"We":[27,73,145],"Haar":[29],"feature":[32],"extraction":[33],"in":[34,77,84,100,110,113,171],"this":[35,147],"system.":[36],"extracted":[38],"features":[39],"as":[42],"training":[43],"inputs":[44],"a":[46,176],"feed":[47],"forward":[48],"neural":[49],"network":[50],"using":[51],"the":[52,127,151,157],"backpropagation":[53],"learning":[54,57],"rule.":[55],"test":[59],"patterns":[60],"were":[61],"gathered":[62],"from":[63],"various":[64],"people":[65],"with":[66],"different":[67,71,82,119],"educational":[68],"backgrounds":[69],"ages.":[72],"categorize":[74],"32":[75],"Farsi":[78,140],"language":[79],"8":[81,118,136],"classes":[83,121,137],"each":[88,94],"class":[89],"very":[91],"similar":[92],"others.":[95],"There":[96],"ten":[98],"digits":[99],"languages,":[102],"but":[103],"two":[104],"them":[106],"not":[108],"postal":[111,153,163,169,183],"codes":[112],"Iran,":[114],"so":[115],"we":[116],"have":[117],"extra":[120],"digits.":[123],"This":[124],"yields":[126,175],"classification":[128],"rates":[129],"92.33%":[131],"91.81%":[133],"these":[135,182],"numerals":[143],"respectively.":[144],"recognizing":[150],"addresses":[154,170],"contain":[156],"names":[158],"cities":[160],"their":[162],"codes.":[164],"Our":[165],"database":[166],"contains":[167],"579":[168],"Iran.":[172],"rate":[178],"97.24%":[180],"addresses.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}