{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132917429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdm.2001.989544","title":"Closing the loop: heuristics for autonomous discovery","display_name":"Closing the loop: heuristics for autonomous discovery","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132917429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdm.2001.989544","mag":"2132917429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdm.2001.989544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdm.2001.989544","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 2001 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048162100","display_name":"Gary Livingston","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G.R. Livingston","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Pittsburgh University, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pittsburgh University, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025532762","display_name":"John M. Rosenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7616-4376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.M. Rosenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","University of Pittsburgh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108346758","display_name":"B. G. Buchanan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.G. Buchanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","University of Pittsburgh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048162100"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9237,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79904725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"393","last_page":"400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.9566923379898071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7629293203353882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closing","display_name":"Closing (real estate)","score":0.6450502276420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5288335680961609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34312868118286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3201363682746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08020541071891785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.9566923379898071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7629293203353882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778775528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135432","display_name":"Closing (real estate)","level":2,"score":0.6450502276420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5288335680961609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34312868118286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3201363682746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08020541071891785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdm.2001.989544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdm.2001.989544","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 2001 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.124.3112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.124.3112","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.uml.edu/~gary/docs/heuristics.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.21.2906","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.21.2906","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.pitt.edu/~gary/heuristics.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332530","display_name":"Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/04ehecz88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195113825","https://openalex.org/W1502609738","https://openalex.org/W1587378402","https://openalex.org/W2022670347","https://openalex.org/W2029657107","https://openalex.org/W2030237048","https://openalex.org/W2039024435","https://openalex.org/W2063990820","https://openalex.org/W2065812945","https://openalex.org/W2110548832","https://openalex.org/W2228716555","https://openalex.org/W2894813436","https://openalex.org/W3022593335","https://openalex.org/W4388252731","https://openalex.org/W6630047078"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116422677","https://openalex.org/W2517007886","https://openalex.org/W2383994331","https://openalex.org/W1522019333","https://openalex.org/W2280422768","https://openalex.org/W3143197806","https://openalex.org/W278047738","https://openalex.org/W2076369646","https://openalex.org/W2373884197","https://openalex.org/W4252555497"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"discovery":[1,70,89],"systems":[2],"will":[3],"be":[4,77],"able":[5],"to":[6,63],"peruse":[7],"very":[8],"large":[9],"databases":[10],"more":[11],"thoroughly":[12],"than":[13],"people":[14],"can.":[15],"In":[16],"a":[17,31,53],"companion":[18],"paper":[19],"by":[20],"G.R.":[21],"Livingston":[22],"et":[23],"al.":[24],"(see":[25],"ibid.,":[26],"p.385-92,":[27],"2001),":[28],"we":[29,56],"describe":[30],"general":[32],"framework":[33],"for":[34,42,52,83],"autonomous":[35,69,88],"systems.":[36,71,90],"We":[37],"present":[38],"and":[39],"evaluate":[40],"heuristics":[41,49,75],"use":[43],"in":[44],"this":[45],"framework.":[46],"Although":[47],"these":[48,74],"were":[50],"designed":[51],"prototype":[54],"system,":[55],"believe":[57],"they":[58],"provide":[59],"good":[60],"initial":[61],"solutions":[62],"problems":[64],"encountered":[65],"when":[66],"implementing":[67],"fully":[68,87],"As":[72],"such,":[73],"may":[76],"used":[78],"as":[79],"the":[80],"starting":[81],"point":[82],"future":[84],"research":[85],"into":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}