{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2069957180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icde.2014.6816687","title":"Private search on key-value stores with hierarchical indexes","display_name":"Private search on key-value stores with hierarchical indexes","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2069957180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icde.2014.6816687","mag":"2069957180"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icde.2014.6816687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icde.2014.6816687","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 30th International Conference on Data Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051088560","display_name":"Haibo Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-2112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haibo Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, China","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Hong Kong Baptist Univ., China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Hong Kong Baptist Univ., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008564713","display_name":"Jianliang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9404-5848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianliang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, China","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Hong Kong Baptist Univ., China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Hong Kong Baptist Univ., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047474726","display_name":"Xizhong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0777-006X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xizhong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, China","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Hong Kong Baptist Univ., China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Hong Kong Baptist Univ., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007048525","display_name":"Kexin Pei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kexin Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, China","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Hong Kong Baptist Univ., China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Hong Kong Baptist Univ., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052275926","display_name":"Byron Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8381-336X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byron Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, China","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Hong Kong Baptist Univ., China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Hong Kong Baptist Univ., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017862559","display_name":"Shuigeng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1949-2768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuigeng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Fudan University, China","School of Computer Science, Fudan University, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051088560"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8057,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93885027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"628","last_page":"639"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8760218024253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-traversal","display_name":"Tree traversal","score":0.7490273118019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.7316821217536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5288637280464172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.5176059007644653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.49061933159828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range-query","display_name":"Range query (database)","score":0.4894079267978668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4603246748447418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4508695900440216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-optimization","display_name":"Query optimization","score":0.43295568227767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.42094430327415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.36398857831954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.351826548576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3343544602394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.29417717456817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24506261944770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-query-classification","display_name":"Web query classification","score":0.22915345430374146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.09936743974685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09628680348396301}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8760218024253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.7490273118019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.7316821217536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5288637280464172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.5176059007644653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.49061933159828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136736807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818943","display_name":"Range query (database)","level":5,"score":0.4894079267978668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4603246748447418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4508695900440216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157692150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919848","display_name":"Query optimization","level":2,"score":0.43295568227767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.42094430327415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.36398857831954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.351826548576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3343544602394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.29417717456817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24506261944770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118689300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978614","display_name":"Web query classification","level":4,"score":0.22915345430374146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.09936743974685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09628680348396301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icde.2014.6816687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icde.2014.6816687","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 30th International Conference on Data Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.725.3462","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.725.3462","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.comp.hkbu.edu.hk/%7Exujl/Papers/icde2014.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkbu.edu.hk:hkbu_staff_publication-1199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/hkbu_staff_publication/185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196872","display_name":"HKBU Institutional Repository (Hong Kong Baptist University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"HKBU Staff Publication","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153677436","https://openalex.org/W1486770802","https://openalex.org/W1488526968","https://openalex.org/W1502927489","https://openalex.org/W1527410104","https://openalex.org/W1535842837","https://openalex.org/W1562018356","https://openalex.org/W1574534563","https://openalex.org/W1892798954","https://openalex.org/W1976613415","https://openalex.org/W1981455414","https://openalex.org/W1982859875","https://openalex.org/W2002352982","https://openalex.org/W2003500686","https://openalex.org/W2009733253","https://openalex.org/W2032127253","https://openalex.org/W2041480327","https://openalex.org/W2063695313","https://openalex.org/W2092422002","https://openalex.org/W2093367651","https://openalex.org/W2104147801","https://openalex.org/W2105751742","https://openalex.org/W2107663819","https://openalex.org/W2115016714","https://openalex.org/W2116579096","https://openalex.org/W2118326624","https://openalex.org/W2119047901","https://openalex.org/W2132172731","https://openalex.org/W2139211263","https://openalex.org/W2139336600","https://openalex.org/W2145819698","https://openalex.org/W2151789982","https://openalex.org/W2154496743","https://openalex.org/W2157855380","https://openalex.org/W2163511921","https://openalex.org/W2209019814","https://openalex.org/W2233233025","https://openalex.org/W2622005089","https://openalex.org/W3141585064","https://openalex.org/W4300349690","https://openalex.org/W6606209906","https://openalex.org/W6629139986","https://openalex.org/W6629177132","https://openalex.org/W6633478284","https://openalex.org/W6634321592","https://openalex.org/W6666422678","https://openalex.org/W6677836281"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096359267","https://openalex.org/W3125756434","https://openalex.org/W2184296057","https://openalex.org/W2026738364","https://openalex.org/W2901901036","https://openalex.org/W2362460270","https://openalex.org/W1793997780","https://openalex.org/W4232633635","https://openalex.org/W185198413","https://openalex.org/W2538384344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Query":[0],"processing":[1],"that":[2],"preserves":[3],"both":[4,189],"the":[5,9,12,16,30,34,50,114,132,136],"query":[6,54,142,156],"privacy":[7,14,52,55],"at":[8,15],"client":[10],"and":[11,53,74,99,149,181,192],"data":[13,47,51],"server":[17,133],"is":[18,62,147,186],"a":[19,63,141,152,159],"new":[20],"research":[21],"problem.":[22],"It":[23],"has":[24,71],"many":[25],"practical":[26],"applications,":[27],"especially":[28],"when":[29],"queries":[31,178],"are":[32],"about":[33],"sensitive":[35],"attributes":[36],"of":[37,116,140,155],"records.":[38],"However,":[39],"most":[40],"existing":[41],"studies,":[42],"including":[43],"those":[44],"originating":[45],"from":[46],"outsourcing,":[48],"address":[49],"separately.":[56],"Although":[57],"secure":[58,172],"multiparty":[59],"computation":[60,73],"(SMC)":[61],"suitable":[64,160],"computing":[65],"paradigm":[66],"for":[67,174],"this":[68,103,168],"problem,":[69],"it":[70],"significant":[72],"communication":[75],"overheads,":[76],"thus":[77],"unable":[78],"to":[79,82],"scale":[80],"up":[81],"large":[83],"datasets.":[84],"Fortunately,":[85],"recent":[86],"advances":[87],"in":[88,113,130,164],"cryptography":[89],"bring":[90],"us":[91],"two":[92],"relevant":[93],"tools":[94,112],"-":[95],"conditional":[96],"oblivious":[97,126],"transfer":[98],"homomorphic":[100,161],"encryption.":[101],"In":[102],"paper,":[104],"we":[105,170],"integrate":[106],"database":[107],"indexing":[108],"techniques":[109],"with":[110,158],"these":[111],"context":[115],"private":[117],"search":[118,177],"on":[119,167,179],"key-value":[120],"stores.":[121],"We":[122],"first":[123],"present":[124],"an":[125],"index":[127,137],"traversal":[128,138],"framework,":[129,169],"which":[131],"cannot":[134],"trace":[135],"path":[139],"during":[143],"evaluation.":[144],"The":[145],"framework":[146],"generic":[148],"can":[150],"support":[151],"wide":[153],"range":[154],"types":[157],"encryption":[162],"algorithm":[163],"place.":[165],"Based":[166],"devise":[171],"protocols":[173],"classic":[175],"key":[176],"B+-tree":[180],"R-tree":[182],"indexes.":[183],"Our":[184],"approach":[185],"verified":[187],"by":[188],"security":[190],"analysis":[191],"performance":[193],"study.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}