{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122482281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icde.2011.5767952","title":"NORMS: An automatic tool to perform schema label normalization","display_name":"NORMS: An automatic tool to perform schema label normalization","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122482281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icde.2011.5767952","mag":"2122482281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icde.2011.5767952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icde.2011.5767952","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE 27th International Conference on Data Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/646392","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089840737","display_name":"Serena Sorrentino","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Serena Sorrentino","raw_affiliation_strings":["DII, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and INFM, Modena, Italy","DII, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Vignolese 905, 41015, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DII, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and INFM, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DII, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Vignolese 905, 41015, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037830808","display_name":"Sonia Bergamaschi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8087-6587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonia Bergamaschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["DII, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and INFM, Modena, Italy","DII, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Vignolese 905, 41015, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DII, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and INFM, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DII, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Vignolese 905, 41015, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015443756","display_name":"Maciej Gawinecki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Gawinecki","raw_affiliation_strings":["DII, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and INFM, Modena, Italy","DII, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Vignolese 905, 41015, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DII, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and INFM, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DII, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Vignolese 905, 41015, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089840737"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.522,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93162562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1344","last_page":"1347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8347046375274658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema-matching","display_name":"Schema matching","score":0.8051338195800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.707423210144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5937130451202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.574805736541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/star-schema","display_name":"Star schema","score":0.5488142371177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5297544598579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5253188610076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noun","display_name":"Noun","score":0.5085245370864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.5009956359863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-schema","display_name":"Database schema","score":0.32395443320274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2516055107116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integration","display_name":"Data integration","score":0.18557199835777283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-design","display_name":"Database design","score":0.07560926675796509}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8347046375274658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777327318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1408390","display_name":"Schema matching","level":3,"score":0.8051338195800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.707423210144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5937130451202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.574805736541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190703929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331138","display_name":"Star schema","level":4,"score":0.5488142371177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5297544598579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5253188610076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121934690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084","display_name":"Noun","level":2,"score":0.5085245370864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5009956359863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30775581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q632285","display_name":"Database schema","level":3,"score":0.32395443320274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2516055107116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72634772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386824","display_name":"Data integration","level":2,"score":0.18557199835777283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148840519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049878","display_name":"Database design","level":2,"score":0.07560926675796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icde.2011.5767952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icde.2011.5767952","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE 27th International Conference on Data Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.304.3943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.304.3943","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://sparc20.ing.unimo.it/prototipo/paper/ICDE11_demo_870.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/646392","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/646392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400718","display_name":"IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/646392","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/646392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400718","display_name":"IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95900838","https://openalex.org/W1530093105","https://openalex.org/W2008896880","https://openalex.org/W2027666258","https://openalex.org/W2076291573","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2139135093","https://openalex.org/W2142051885","https://openalex.org/W2156543375","https://openalex.org/W2165226413","https://openalex.org/W4250218742","https://openalex.org/W6603887013","https://openalex.org/W6680506379"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528218860","https://openalex.org/W2376319089","https://openalex.org/W2034415381","https://openalex.org/W2546483132","https://openalex.org/W2351507151","https://openalex.org/W2766698234","https://openalex.org/W3208717180","https://openalex.org/W3030019037","https://openalex.org/W945629821","https://openalex.org/W1545286006"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Schema":[0,19],"matching":[1,20],"is":[2],"the":[3,53,84],"problem":[4],"of":[5,42,56,74,86],"finding":[6],"relationships":[7,36],"among":[8,37],"concepts":[9],"across":[10],"heterogeneous":[11],"data":[12],"sources":[13],"(heterogeneous":[14],"in":[15],"format":[16],"and":[17,25,65],"structure).":[18],"systems":[21],"usually":[22],"exploit":[23],"lexical":[24,30],"semantic":[26,35],"information":[27],"provided":[28],"by":[29],"databases/thesauri":[31],"to":[32,52,82],"discover":[33],"intra/inter":[34],"schema":[38,79],"elements.":[39],"However,":[40],"most":[41],"them":[43],"obtain":[44],"poor":[45],"performance":[46],"on":[47],"real":[48],"world":[49],"scenarios":[50],"due":[51],"significant":[54],"presence":[55],"\u201cnon-dictionary":[57],"words\u201d.":[58],"Non-dictionary":[59],"words":[60],"include":[61],"compound":[62],"nouns,":[63],"abbreviations":[64],"acronyms.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"we":[70],"present":[71],"NORMS":[72],"(NORMalizer":[73],"Schemata),":[75],"a":[76],"tool":[77],"performing":[78],"label":[80],"normalization":[81],"increase":[83],"number":[85],"comparable":[87],"labels":[88],"extracted":[89],"from":[90],"schemata.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
