{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2100408869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icde.2008.4497504","title":"NAGA: Searching and Ranking Knowledge","display_name":"NAGA: Searching and Ranking Knowledge","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2100408869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icde.2008.4497504","mag":"2100408869"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icde.2008.4497504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icde.2008.4497504","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE 24th International Conference on Data Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1FFC-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024434748","display_name":"Gjergji Kasneci","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gjergji Kasneci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck-Institut fur Informatik, Saarbrucken, Germany","Max-Planck Inst. for Inf., Saarbrucken"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck-Institut fur Informatik, Saarbrucken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck Inst. for Inf., Saarbrucken","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034994700","display_name":"Fabian M. Suchanek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7189-2796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian M. Suchanek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck-Institut fur Informatik, Saarbrucken, Germany","Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Stuhlsatzenhausweg 85, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany. suchanek@mpi-inf.mpg.de"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck-Institut fur Informatik, Saarbrucken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Stuhlsatzenhausweg 85, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany. suchanek@mpi-inf.mpg.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054845773","display_name":"Georgiana Ifrim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8400-2972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgiana Ifrim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck-Institut fur Informatik, Saarbrucken, Germany","Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Stuhlsatzenhausweg 85, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany. ifrim@mpi-inf.mpg.de#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck-Institut fur Informatik, Saarbrucken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Stuhlsatzenhausweg 85, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany. ifrim@mpi-inf.mpg.de#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055190394","display_name":"Maya Ramanath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-5686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maya Ramanath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck-Institut fur Informatik, Saarbrucken, Germany","Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Stuhlsatzenhausweg 85, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany. ramanath@mpi-inf.mpg.de"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck-Institut fur Informatik, Saarbrucken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Stuhlsatzenhausweg 85, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany. ramanath@mpi-inf.mpg.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088135366","display_name":"Gerhard Weikum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4959-6098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Weikum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck-Institut fur Informatik, Saarbrucken, Germany","Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Stuhlsatzenhausweg 85, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany. weikum@mpi-inf.mpg.de"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck-Institut fur Informatik, Saarbrucken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Stuhlsatzenhausweg 85, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany. weikum@mpi-inf.mpg.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024434748"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":57.4855,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":233,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99904077,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"953","last_page":"962"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8492345809936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6529285311698914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6132526397705078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.5384343266487122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.500877857208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-search","display_name":"Semantic search","score":0.49938416481018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.4843691289424896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4691563844680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.4677664637565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-graph","display_name":"Knowledge graph","score":0.4343460202217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.43394654989242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4009239077568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.1590142548084259}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8492345809936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6529285311698914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6132526397705078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.5384343266487122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.500877857208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166423231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1891170","display_name":"Semantic search","level":3,"score":0.49938416481018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.4843691289424896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4691563844680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4677664637565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.4343460202217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.43394654989242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4009239077568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.1590142548084259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icde.2008.4497504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icde.2008.4497504","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE 24th International Conference on Data Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.217.4283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.217.4283","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/~kasneci/download/ICDE08_conference_320.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.mpg.de:356470","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.mpg.de/356470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922265","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.mpg.de:428120","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.mpg.de/428120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922265","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE 24th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE'08), IEEE, 953-962 (2008)","raw_type":"Conference-Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_1325645","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1C60-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE 24th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE'08)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_1327975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1FFC-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Report","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_1327975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1FFC-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Report","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57058802","https://openalex.org/W73146770","https://openalex.org/W122707235","https://openalex.org/W136846643","https://openalex.org/W165944615","https://openalex.org/W175735201","https://openalex.org/W199174415","https://openalex.org/W291262356","https://openalex.org/W1488272912","https://openalex.org/W1491206589","https://openalex.org/W1493490255","https://openalex.org/W1499739912","https://openalex.org/W1522543627","https://openalex.org/W1527014258","https://openalex.org/W1529522905","https://openalex.org/W1540618313","https://openalex.org/W1575805590","https://openalex.org/W1793807384","https://openalex.org/W1924059391","https://openalex.org/W1964013848","https://openalex.org/W1981585544","https://openalex.org/W1985554184","https://openalex.org/W1990280147","https://openalex.org/W2022166150","https://openalex.org/W2022760666","https://openalex.org/W2038721957","https://openalex.org/W2078686663","https://openalex.org/W2096468639","https://openalex.org/W2098388305","https://openalex.org/W2099393722","https://openalex.org/W2102844430","https://openalex.org/W2107105629","https://openalex.org/W2110896767","https://openalex.org/W2121350579","https://openalex.org/W2124044117","https://openalex.org/W2130766266","https://openalex.org/W2131381130","https://openalex.org/W2140636749","https://openalex.org/W2148540243","https://openalex.org/W2148848666","https://openalex.org/W2155228754","https://openalex.org/W2156580346","https://openalex.org/W2158735962","https://openalex.org/W2161563551","https://openalex.org/W2162833734","https://openalex.org/W2169624745","https://openalex.org/W2171874178","https://openalex.org/W2611471614","https://openalex.org/W2744548668","https://openalex.org/W2914592004","https://openalex.org/W4251560691"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2359166167","https://openalex.org/W3590553","https://openalex.org/W3110844189","https://openalex.org/W2533706070","https://openalex.org/W1976839151","https://openalex.org/W2336826532","https://openalex.org/W3040185272","https://openalex.org/W2373953901","https://openalex.org/W2214614887","https://openalex.org/W2184474188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Web":[1,25,60],"has":[2],"the":[3,7,18,24,122,138],"potential":[4],"to":[5,14,27,63,157],"become":[6],"world's":[8],"largest":[9],"knowledge":[10,57,94],"base.":[11],"In":[12,79],"order":[13],"unleash":[15],"this":[16,80],"potential,":[17],"wealth":[19],"of":[20,107,109,124,140],"information":[21],"available":[22],"on":[23,92,137],"needs":[26,62],"be":[28],"extracted":[29,113],"and":[30,43,73,105,111,152,154,171],"organized.":[31],"There":[32],"is":[33,97],"a":[34,85,93,100,132],"need":[35],"for":[36,56],"new":[37,86],"querying":[38],"techniques":[39],"that":[40],"are":[41],"simple":[42],"yet":[44],"more":[45],"expressive":[46],"than":[47,59],"those":[48],"provided":[49],"by":[50],"standard":[51],"keyword-based":[52],"search":[53,88,169],"engines.":[54],"Searching":[55],"rather":[58],"pages":[61],"consider":[64],"inherent":[65],"semantic":[66,87,128],"structures":[67],"like":[68],"entities":[69,110],"(person,":[70],"organization,":[71],"etc.)":[72],"relationships":[74,112],"(isA,":[75],"located":[76],"In,":[77],"etc.).":[78],"paper,":[81],"we":[82],"propose":[83],"NAGA,":[84],"engine.":[89],"NAGA":[90],"builds":[91],"base,":[95],"which":[96,144],"organized":[98],"as":[99,149],"graph":[101],"with":[102,126],"typed":[103],"edges,":[104],"consists":[106],"millions":[108],"from":[114],"Web-based":[115],"corpora.":[116],"A":[117],"graph-based":[118],"query":[119,159],"language":[120,142],"enables":[121],"formulation":[123],"queries":[125],"additional":[127],"information.":[129],"We":[130,161],"introduce":[131],"novel":[133],"scoring":[134],"model,":[135],"based":[136],"principles":[139],"generative":[141],"models,":[143],"formalizes":[145],"several":[146],"notions":[147],"such":[148],"confidence,":[150],"informativeness":[151],"compactness":[153],"uses":[155],"them":[156],"rank":[158],"results.":[160],"demonstrate":[162],"NAGA's":[163],"superior":[164],"result":[165],"quality":[166],"over":[167],"state-of-the-art":[168],"engines":[170],"question":[172],"answering":[173],"systems.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}