{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2082540450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdcsw.2004.1284029","title":"DCT and DWT-based image watermarking by using subsampling","display_name":"DCT and DWT-based image watermarking by using subsampling","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2082540450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdcsw.2004.1284029","mag":"2082540450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdcsw.2004.1284029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdcsw.2004.1284029","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074902886","display_name":"Min-Jen Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3142-9921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min-Jen Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Management, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","Inst. of Inf. Manage., Nat. Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Management, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Inf. Manage., Nat. Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112948828","display_name":"Hsiao-Ying Hung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiao-Ying Hung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Management, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","Inst. of Inf. Manage., Nat. Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Management, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Inf. Manage., Nat. Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074902886"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6398,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84860992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"184","last_page":"189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.912173867225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.8331476449966431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7420487403869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.6886820793151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6287627220153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.627349853515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6020985841751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5774297714233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","score":0.5677955150604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5446590185165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5440380573272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.42858976125717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transform-coding","display_name":"Transform coding","score":0.41125935316085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.40959876775741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40775594115257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3411860466003418}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.912173867225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.8331476449966431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7420487403869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.6886820793151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6287627220153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.627349853515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6020985841751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5774297714233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.5677955150604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5446590185165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5440380573272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42858976125717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169805256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361381","display_name":"Transform coding","level":4,"score":0.41125935316085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.40959876775741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40775594115257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3411860466003418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdcsw.2004.1284029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdcsw.2004.1284029","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059597198","https://openalex.org/W2091039437","https://openalex.org/W2106623310","https://openalex.org/W2116467012","https://openalex.org/W2153715559","https://openalex.org/W2164070648","https://openalex.org/W6665261606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2080353903","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"subsampling":[1],"based":[2,62,66],"watermarking":[3],"scheme":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"investigated":[7],"for":[8],"digital":[9],"images.":[10],"The":[11,32],"algorithm":[12,67],"utilizes":[13],"the":[14,20,28,36,40,43,55,64],"wavelet":[15,65],"multiresolutional":[16],"structure":[17],"and":[18,46,73],"subsamples":[19],"individual":[21],"subband":[22],"coefficients":[23],"in":[24],"order":[25],"to":[26],"embed":[27],"watermark":[29],"information":[30],"respectively.":[31],"extracting":[33],"procedure":[34],"reverses":[35],"embedding":[37],"operations":[38],"without":[39],"reference":[41],"of":[42],"original":[44],"image":[45,71],"provides":[47],"a":[48],"better":[49],"copyright":[50],"protection":[51],"scheme.":[52],"Compared":[53],"with":[54],"similar":[56],"approach":[57],"by":[58],"discrete":[59],"cosine":[60],"transform":[61],"approach,":[63],"apparently":[68],"preserves":[69],"superior":[70],"quality":[72],"robustness":[74],"under":[75],"various":[76],"attacks.":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
