{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125756731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdcsw.2002.1030861","title":"A flexible, privacy-preserving authentication framework for ubiquitous computing environments","display_name":"A flexible, privacy-preserving authentication framework for ubiquitous computing environments","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125756731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdcsw.2002.1030861","mag":"2125756731"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdcsw.2002.1030861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdcsw.2002.1030861","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084235184","display_name":"Jalal Al\u2010Muhtadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0246-2148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183874917","display_name":"Urbana University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kp3hw27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183874917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Al-Muhtadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183874917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062714879","display_name":"A. Ranganathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0154-6922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183874917","display_name":"Urbana University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kp3hw27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183874917"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Ranganathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183874917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065622216","display_name":"Roy H. Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3754-7777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183874917","display_name":"Urbana University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kp3hw27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183874917"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183874917"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111827173","display_name":"M. Dennis Mickunas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183874917","display_name":"Urbana University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kp3hw27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183874917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.D. Mickunas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183874917"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084235184"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I183874917"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.7724,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99091065,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"771","last_page":"776"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ubiquitous-computing","display_name":"Ubiquitous computing","score":0.7801632285118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7593890428543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.7149859666824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5991993546485901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5868158340454102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.5433720946311951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.5149096250534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.49527469277381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-computing","display_name":"Mobile computing","score":0.4780586063861847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-aware-pervasive-systems","display_name":"Context-aware pervasive systems","score":0.4379185736179352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.43271034955978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambient-intelligence","display_name":"Ambient intelligence","score":0.41587963700294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.30580198764801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.21756860613822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.21377700567245483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1850678026676178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.06955522298812866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172195944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541265","display_name":"Ubiquitous computing","level":2,"score":0.7801632285118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7593890428543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.7149859666824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5991993546485901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5868158340454102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.5433720946311951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.5149096250534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.49527469277381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.4780586063861847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48052980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4231629","display_name":"Context-aware pervasive systems","level":3,"score":0.4379185736179352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.43271034955978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201638289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q457396","display_name":"Ambient intelligence","level":2,"score":0.41587963700294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.30580198764801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.21756860613822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.21377700567245483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1850678026676178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.06955522298812866}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdcsw.2002.1030861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdcsw.2002.1030861","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.123.7748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.123.7748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cyberdudez.com/flex-auth.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W146500326","https://openalex.org/W2066573099","https://openalex.org/W2092597751","https://openalex.org/W2100518588","https://openalex.org/W2106539366","https://openalex.org/W2112737587"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327653166","https://openalex.org/W2054543454","https://openalex.org/W2059635006","https://openalex.org/W2543142712","https://openalex.org/W2739586290","https://openalex.org/W1969717871","https://openalex.org/W2090498639","https://openalex.org/W2915650030","https://openalex.org/W2144809121","https://openalex.org/W2094192006"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,15,69,83,106,119],"smart":[3],"gadgets,":[4],"appliances,":[5],"mobile":[6],"devices,":[7],"PDAs":[8],"and":[9,30,49,57,63,86,90,109,125],"sensors":[10],"has":[11],"enabled":[12],"the":[13,42,50,67,81,104,129],"construction":[14],"ubiquitous":[16,135],"computing":[17,37,64,71,136],"environments,":[18],"transforming":[19],"regular":[20],"physical":[21,52],"spaces":[22],"into":[23,134],"\"Active":[24],"Information":[25],"Spaces\"":[26],"augmented":[27],"with":[28,32,46,116],"intelligence":[29],"enhanced":[31],"services.":[33,65],"This":[34],"new":[35],"exciting":[36],"paradigm":[38,72],"promises":[39],"to":[40,131],"revolutionize":[41],"way":[43],"we":[44],"interact":[45],"computers,":[47],"services,":[48],"surrounding":[51],"spaces,":[53],"yielding":[54],"higher":[55],"productivity":[56],"more":[58],"seamless":[59],"interaction":[60],"between":[61],"users":[62],"However,":[66],"deployment":[68],"this":[70,101],"in":[73,121],"real-life":[74],"is":[75],"hindered":[76],"by":[77],"poor":[78],"security,":[79],"particularly,":[80],"lack":[82],"proper":[84],"authentication":[85,97],"access":[87],"control":[88],"techniques":[89],"privacy":[91],"preserving":[92],"protocols.":[93],"We":[94],"propose":[95],"an":[96],"framework":[98,130],"that":[99],"addresses":[100],"problem":[102],"through":[103],"use":[105],"different":[107],"wearable":[108],"embedded":[110],"devices.":[111],"These":[112],"devices":[113],"authenticate":[114],"entities":[115],"varied":[117],"levels":[118],"confidence,":[120],"a":[122],"transparent,":[123],"convenient,":[124],"private":[126],"manner,":[127],"allowing":[128],"blend":[132],"nicely":[133],"environments.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}