{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144524068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdcs.2002.1022263","title":"An optimal strategy for anonymous communication protocols","display_name":"An optimal strategy for anonymous communication protocols","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144524068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdcs.2002.1022263","mag":"2144524068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdcs.2002.1022263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdcs.2002.1022263","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100719924","display_name":"Yong Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0445-1848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063375840","display_name":"Xinwen Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2391-7789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinwen Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040027964","display_name":"Riccardo Bettati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5877-6667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Bettati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002311337","display_name":"Wei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-2559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9079,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97761292,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"257","last_page":"266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.9334020614624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7770218849182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5648072361946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4916723370552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.48601967096328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4297621548175812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4209643006324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.39731186628341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36491942405700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3314747214317322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09326422214508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08427536487579346}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.9334020614624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7770218849182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5648072361946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4916723370552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.48601967096328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4297621548175812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4209643006324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39731186628341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36491942405700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3314747214317322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09326422214508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08427536487579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdcs.2002.1022263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdcs.2002.1022263","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.20.885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.20.885","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://faculty.cs.tamu.edu/bettati/Papers/icdcs02/icdcs02.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.213.28","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.213.28","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.tamu.edu/academics/tr/tamu-cs-tr-2002-3-1/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.385.8470","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.385.8470","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.uml.edu/~xinwenfu/paper/icdcs2002.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.75.5114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.75.5114","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://faculty.cs.tamu.edu/zhao/papers/conf/2002/0207-ICDCS-GFBZ.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.94.4050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.94.4050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-net.cs.umass.edu/security/anonymity.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506796649","https://openalex.org/W1542162318","https://openalex.org/W1562199962","https://openalex.org/W1601454324","https://openalex.org/W1866026688","https://openalex.org/W1894333397","https://openalex.org/W1960159862","https://openalex.org/W1978884755","https://openalex.org/W2005708967","https://openalex.org/W2065554061","https://openalex.org/W2087811006","https://openalex.org/W2102795810","https://openalex.org/W2103647628","https://openalex.org/W2107068691","https://openalex.org/W2108975750","https://openalex.org/W2123735079","https://openalex.org/W2138719936","https://openalex.org/W2141699006","https://openalex.org/W2341111334","https://openalex.org/W2534828982","https://openalex.org/W3141390961","https://openalex.org/W6632738333","https://openalex.org/W6635866879","https://openalex.org/W6666976018","https://openalex.org/W6680479697"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966494590","https://openalex.org/W1593132758","https://openalex.org/W2117874351","https://openalex.org/W4206398305","https://openalex.org/W3023934611","https://openalex.org/W2157186778","https://openalex.org/W2982648111","https://openalex.org/W2082747743","https://openalex.org/W1993929477","https://openalex.org/W2071573776"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0,18],"many":[1],"Internet":[2],"applications,":[3,20],"the":[4,8,31,42,48,53,70,73,102,115,124],"ability":[5,71],"to":[6,63,68,77],"protect":[7,78],"identity":[9],"of":[10,23,36,72,105,126],"participants":[11],"in":[12],"a":[13,21,86,106],"distributed":[14],"applications":[15],"is":[16],"critical.":[17],"such":[19],"number":[22],"anonymous":[24,74],"communication":[25,75,127],"systems":[26,38,76],"have":[27],"been":[28],"realized":[29],"over":[30],"recent":[32],"years.":[33],"The":[34],"effectiveness":[35],"these":[37],"relies":[39],"greatly":[40],"on":[41],"way":[43],"messages":[44],"are":[45],"routed":[46],"among":[47],"participants.":[49],"(We":[50],"call":[51],"this":[52,58,82],"route":[54,97],"selection":[55,98],"strategy.)":[56],"In":[57],"paper":[59],"we":[60,84,91],"describe":[61],"how":[62],"select":[64],"routes":[65],"so":[66],"as":[67,123],"maximize":[69],"anonymity":[79,103,116],"To":[80],"measure":[81],"ability,":[83],"define":[85],"metric":[87],"(anonymity":[88],"degree),":[89],"and":[90,93,110],"design":[92],"evaluate":[94],"an":[95],"optimal":[96],"strategy":[99],"that":[100,114,133],"maximizes":[101],"degree":[104,117],"system.":[107],"Our":[108],"analytical":[109],"experimental":[111],"data":[112],"shows":[113],"may":[118],"not":[119],"always":[120],"monotonically":[121],"increase":[122],"length":[125],"paths":[128],"increase.":[129],"We":[130],"also":[131],"found":[132],"variable":[134],"path-length":[135],"strategies":[136],"perform":[137],"better":[138],"than":[139],"fixed-length":[140],"strategies.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}