{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162456913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333848","title":"Where to apply dropout in recurrent neural networks for handwriting recognition?","display_name":"Where to apply dropout in recurrent neural networks for handwriting recognition?","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162456913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333848","mag":"2162456913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2015.7333848","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333848","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030191869","display_name":"Th\u00e9odore Bluche","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115485","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la M\u00e9canique et les Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur","ror":"https://ror.org/01raq4x89","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210115485","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35298706","display_name":"ESIEA University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6cx256","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Theodore Bluche","raw_affiliation_strings":["A2iA SA, Paris, France","LIMSI CNRS, Spoken Language Processing Group, Orsay, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A2iA SA, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIMSI CNRS, Spoken Language Processing Group, Orsay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115485","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024834377","display_name":"Christopher Kermorvant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-4080"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Kermorvant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teklia SAS, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teklia SAS, Paris, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040476308","display_name":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me Louradour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35298706","display_name":"ESIEA University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6cx256","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerome Louradour","raw_affiliation_strings":["A2iA SA, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A2iA SA, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030191869"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I35298706","https://openalex.org/I4210115485"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6569,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8936049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"681","last_page":"685"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","score":0.8723260164260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.793969988822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.621738076210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.5975823998451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5508291721343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5318177938461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.5220389366149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5103177428245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.46352487802505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.4331170320510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40280061960220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40033742785453796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.3849329352378845}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339462","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","level":2,"score":0.8723260164260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.793969988822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.621738076210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5975823998451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5508291721343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5318177938461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.5220389366149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5103177428245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46352487802505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.4331170320510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40280061960220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40033742785453796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3849329352378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2015.7333848","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333848","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524333225","https://openalex.org/W1591801644","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1895481600","https://openalex.org/W1904365287","https://openalex.org/W1982309299","https://openalex.org/W2004220942","https://openalex.org/W2013962506","https://openalex.org/W2018970719","https://openalex.org/W2021043164","https://openalex.org/W2036242736","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2106986062","https://openalex.org/W2127141656","https://openalex.org/W2131850988","https://openalex.org/W2152928267","https://openalex.org/W2161008725","https://openalex.org/W2294567968","https://openalex.org/W2399456070","https://openalex.org/W2964325005","https://openalex.org/W2999778248","https://openalex.org/W6631362777","https://openalex.org/W6635446068","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6640036494","https://openalex.org/W6645763848","https://openalex.org/W6683566121","https://openalex.org/W6696879442","https://openalex.org/W6773066478","https://openalex.org/W7066459846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3082178636","https://openalex.org/W1521968289","https://openalex.org/W2782041652","https://openalex.org/W2952088488","https://openalex.org/W2612657834","https://openalex.org/W4298287631","https://openalex.org/W2953061907","https://openalex.org/W2392157706","https://openalex.org/W2599192953","https://openalex.org/W3032952384"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,50],"dropout":[1,53,93,115],"technique":[2],"is":[3,35,54],"a":[4,19,39,89],"data-driven":[5],"regularization":[6],"method":[7],"for":[8,30,77,96],"neural":[9,75],"networks.":[10],"It":[11],"consists":[12],"in":[13,94],"randomly":[14],"setting":[15],"some":[16],"activations":[17],"from":[18,41],"given":[20],"hidden":[21],"layer":[22],"to":[23,37,55,59,69,73,91,126],"zero":[24],"during":[25],"training.":[26],"Repeating":[27],"the":[28,127],"procedure":[29],"each":[31,62],"training":[32],"example,":[33],"it":[34,121],"equivalent":[36],"sample":[38],"network":[40],"an":[42],"exponential":[43],"number":[44],"of":[45,52,80],"architectures":[46],"that":[47,107],"share":[48],"weights.":[49],"goal":[51],"prevent":[56],"feature":[57],"detectors":[58],"rely":[60],"on":[61],"other.":[63],"Dropout":[64],"has":[65],"successfully":[66],"been":[67],"applied":[68],"Deep":[70],"MLPs":[71],"and":[72,83,99],"convolutional":[74],"networks,":[76],"various":[78],"tasks":[79],"Speech":[81],"Recognition":[82],"Computer":[84],"Vision.":[85],"We":[86],"recently":[87],"proposed":[88],"way":[90],"use":[92],"MDLSTM-RNNs":[95],"handwritten":[97],"word":[98],"line":[100],"recognition.":[101],"In":[102],"this":[103],"paper,":[104],"we":[105],"show":[106],"further":[108],"improvement":[109],"can":[110],"be":[111],"achieved":[112],"by":[113,119],"implementing":[114],"differently,":[116],"more":[117],"specifically":[118],"applying":[120],"at":[122],"better":[123],"positions":[124],"relative":[125],"LSTM":[128],"units.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}