{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115092814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333837","title":"Hidden Markov model topology optimization for handwriting recognition","display_name":"Hidden Markov model topology optimization for handwriting recognition","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115092814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333837","mag":"2115092814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2015.7333837","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333837","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044325949","display_name":"N\u00faria Cirera","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nuria Cirera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain","Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Ed. O, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Ed. O, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090099386","display_name":"Al\u00edcia Forn\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9692-5336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alicia Fornes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain","Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Ed. O, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Ed. O, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065907624","display_name":"Josep Llad\u00f3s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4533-4739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep Llados","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain","Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Ed. O, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Ed. O, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044325949"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5523,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74640716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"626","last_page":"630"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7920743823051453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7286057472229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.6943526268005371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.6644303798675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.568122148513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-labeling","display_name":"Sequence labeling","score":0.5464550256729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.5151478052139282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.4920458495616913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48796623945236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.45976701378822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44279909133911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.4009653627872467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4002172350883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3894027769565582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2952265739440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.26127201318740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17794421315193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06593117117881775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7920743823051453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7286057472229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6943526268005371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.6644303798675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.568122148513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35639132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452468","display_name":"Sequence labeling","level":3,"score":0.5464550256729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.5151478052139282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.4920458495616913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48796623945236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.45976701378822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44279909133911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4009653627872467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4002172350883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3894027769565582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2952265739440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.26127201318740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17794421315193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06593117117881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2015.7333837","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333837","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502648924","https://openalex.org/W1523854128","https://openalex.org/W1893343590","https://openalex.org/W1989226853","https://openalex.org/W2092858021","https://openalex.org/W2098808520","https://openalex.org/W2099996526","https://openalex.org/W2102770307","https://openalex.org/W2122496126","https://openalex.org/W2133552271","https://openalex.org/W2134523851","https://openalex.org/W2548114558","https://openalex.org/W6631496692","https://openalex.org/W6639547660","https://openalex.org/W6673605072","https://openalex.org/W7065389957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2535098683","https://openalex.org/W3003949997","https://openalex.org/W3199359807","https://openalex.org/W2110485610","https://openalex.org/W1510894296","https://openalex.org/W2134386692","https://openalex.org/W3047607512","https://openalex.org/W4390983538","https://openalex.org/W2744690920","https://openalex.org/W2107320953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,42,52],"method":[6,76,102],"to":[7],"optimize":[8],"the":[9,37,59,63,78,94,109],"topology":[10,33],"of":[11,39,80],"linear":[12],"left-to-right":[13],"hidden":[14],"Markov":[15],"models.":[16],"These":[17],"models":[18],"are":[19,56],"very":[20],"popular":[21],"for":[22,41],"sequential":[23],"signals":[24],"modeling":[25],"on":[26,46,119],"tasks":[27],"such":[28,108],"as":[29],"handwriting":[30,121],"recognition.":[31],"Many":[32],"definition":[34],"methods":[35,107],"select":[36],"number":[38,79],"states":[40,81],"character":[43,47,105],"model":[44,83],"based":[45],"length.":[48],"This":[49],"can":[50,67],"be":[51,69],"drawback":[53],"when":[54],"characters":[55],"shorter":[57],"than":[58],"minimum":[60],"allowed":[61],"by":[62,84],"model,":[64],"since":[65],"they":[66],"not":[68],"properly":[70],"trained":[71],"nor":[72],"recognized.":[73],"The":[74],"proposed":[75],"optimizes":[77],"per":[82],"automatically":[85],"including":[86],"convenient":[87],"skip-state":[88],"transitions":[89],"and":[90,99,112],"therefore":[91],"it":[92],"avoids":[93],"aforementioned":[95],"problem.":[96],"We":[97],"discuss":[98],"compare":[100],"our":[101],"with":[103],"other":[104],"length-based":[106],"Fixed,":[110],"Bakis":[111],"Quantile":[113],"methods.":[114],"Our":[115],"proposal":[116],"performs":[117],"well":[118],"off-line":[120],"recognition":[122],"task.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
