{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2140090592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333746","title":"Segmentation-free handwritten Chinese text recognition with LSTM-RNN","display_name":"Segmentation-free handwritten Chinese text recognition with LSTM-RNN","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2140090592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333746","mag":"2140090592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2015.7333746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333746","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065108094","display_name":"Ronaldo Messina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35298706","display_name":"ESIEA University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6cx256","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ronaldo Messina","raw_affiliation_strings":["A2iA S.A, Paris, France","A2iA S.A., 39, rue de la Bienfaisance, Paris - France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A2iA S.A, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"A2iA S.A., 39, rue de la Bienfaisance, Paris - France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040476308","display_name":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me Louradour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35298706","display_name":"ESIEA University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6cx256","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerome Louradour","raw_affiliation_strings":["A2iA S.A, Paris, France","A2iA S.A., 39, rue de la Bienfaisance, Paris - France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A2iA S.A, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"A2iA S.A., 39, rue de la Bienfaisance, Paris - France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065108094"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35298706"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3608,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":177,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98652309,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"171","last_page":"175"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.823664665222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.7354034185409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6862932443618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6616201996803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6438687443733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-recognition","display_name":"Text recognition","score":0.6412861347198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5174370408058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47896912693977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.4540350139141083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4502718150615692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-characters","display_name":"Chinese characters","score":0.4439278841018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4375334084033966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-character-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","score":0.41523319482803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.3702569901943207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.30501440167427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.21297696232795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.16631504893302917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.823664665222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.7354034185409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6862932443618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6616201996803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6438687443733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983812711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Text recognition","level":3,"score":0.6412861347198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5174370408058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47896912693977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.4540350139141083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4502718150615692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201","display_name":"Chinese characters","level":2,"score":0.4439278841018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4375334084033966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.41523319482803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3702569901943207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30501440167427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.21297696232795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.16631504893302917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2015.7333746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333746","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11511616","https://openalex.org/W36903255","https://openalex.org/W1524333225","https://openalex.org/W1532868709","https://openalex.org/W1582482241","https://openalex.org/W1631260214","https://openalex.org/W1685006559","https://openalex.org/W1904365287","https://openalex.org/W1976733770","https://openalex.org/W1978964824","https://openalex.org/W1982309299","https://openalex.org/W1994615285","https://openalex.org/W2004220942","https://openalex.org/W2005035880","https://openalex.org/W2013962506","https://openalex.org/W2033404582","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2113641473","https://openalex.org/W2125529971","https://openalex.org/W2127141656","https://openalex.org/W2156338447","https://openalex.org/W2167283987","https://openalex.org/W2168504305","https://openalex.org/W2170942820","https://openalex.org/W2480617478","https://openalex.org/W2964325005","https://openalex.org/W6600454326","https://openalex.org/W6601546654","https://openalex.org/W6631362777","https://openalex.org/W6631617854","https://openalex.org/W6637625270","https://openalex.org/W6640036494","https://openalex.org/W6645763848","https://openalex.org/W6678720029","https://openalex.org/W6721786912"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099822426","https://openalex.org/W4206266975","https://openalex.org/W3006199229","https://openalex.org/W2156529600","https://openalex.org/W2135329887","https://openalex.org/W1607252785","https://openalex.org/W4319431511","https://openalex.org/W1509157789","https://openalex.org/W2029136123","https://openalex.org/W4306154887"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"initial":[2],"results":[3,109],"on":[4,73,91,104,110],"the":[5,27,37,61,64,74,77,88,111,114,130],"use":[6],"of":[7,19,26,32,42,76],"Multi-Dimensional":[8],"Long-Short":[9],"Term":[10],"Memory":[11],"Recurrent":[12],"Neural":[13],"Networks":[14],"(MDLSTM-RNN)":[15],"in":[16,36,117,127],"recognizing":[17,60],"lines":[18],"handwritten":[20,122],"Chinese":[21,33,105,123],"text":[22,34,43,106],"without":[23],"explicit":[24,53],"segmentation":[25,54],"characters.":[28,46],"In":[29],"fact,":[30],"most":[31],"recognizers":[35],"literature":[38],"perform":[39],"a":[40,50,83],"pre-segmentation":[41],"image":[44],"into":[45],"This":[47],"can":[48],"be":[49],"drawback,":[51],"as":[52],"is":[55,81],"an":[56],"extra":[57],"step":[58],"before":[59],"text,":[62],"and":[63,95],"errors":[65],"made":[66],"at":[67],"this":[68],"stage":[69],"have":[70],"direct":[71],"impact":[72],"performance":[75,90,128],"whole":[78],"system.":[79],"MDLSTM-RNN":[80],"now":[82],"state-of-the-art":[84],"technology":[85],"that":[86],"provides":[87],"best":[89,131],"languages":[92],"with":[93,129],"Latin":[94],"Arabic":[96],"characters,":[97],"hence":[98],"we":[99],"propose":[100],"to":[101],"apply":[102],"RNN":[103],"recognition.":[107],"Our":[108],"data":[112],"from":[113],"Task":[115],"4":[116],"ICDAR":[118],"2013":[119],"competition":[120],"for":[121],"recognition":[124],"are":[125],"comparable":[126],"reported":[132],"systems.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}