{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168118244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4378771","title":"A Hybrid System for Robust Recognition of Ethiopic Script","display_name":"A Hybrid System for Robust Recognition of Ethiopic Script","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168118244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4378771","mag":"2168118244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2007.4378771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4378771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215987","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition","issn_l":"1520-5363","issn":["1520-5363","2379-2140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2151","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010912481","display_name":"Yaregal Assabie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7591-9298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I746986","display_name":"Halmstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Y. Assabie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041524830","display_name":"Josef Big\u00fcn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4929-1262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I746986","display_name":"Halmstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Bigun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010912481"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23536232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"556","last_page":"560"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7911507487297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7127155065536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7036017179489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.5570976138114929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5565339922904968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/template","display_name":"Template","score":0.5443785190582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4898814558982849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/template-matching","display_name":"Template matching","score":0.4484741687774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4383857846260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41764765977859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-matching","display_name":"Pattern matching","score":0.41325539350509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/font","display_name":"Font","score":0.41306716203689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3423265218734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.11599031090736389}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7911507487297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7127155065536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7036017179489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.5570976138114929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5565339922904968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82714645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438331","display_name":"Template","level":2,"score":0.5443785190582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4898814558982849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158096908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3983303","display_name":"Template matching","level":3,"score":0.4484741687774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4383857846260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41764765977859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.41325539350509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777737414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4868296","display_name":"Font","level":2,"score":0.41306716203689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3423265218734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.11599031090736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2007.4378771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4378771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215987","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition","issn_l":"1520-5363","issn":["1520-5363","2379-2140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.184.1463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.184.1463","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www2.hh.se/staff/josef/public/publications/assabie07curitiba.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:hh-2151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401463","display_name":"Hogskolan Ihalmstad (Halmstad University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I746986","host_organization_name":"Halmstad University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:hh-2151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401463","display_name":"Hogskolan Ihalmstad (Halmstad University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I746986","host_organization_name":"Halmstad University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W256244804","https://openalex.org/W1552050847","https://openalex.org/W1562444851","https://openalex.org/W1582290234","https://openalex.org/W1586154730","https://openalex.org/W2129580825","https://openalex.org/W2132549764","https://openalex.org/W2143548289","https://openalex.org/W2148670222","https://openalex.org/W2491787848","https://openalex.org/W4245446104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361315595","https://openalex.org/W2602219756","https://openalex.org/W2092361839","https://openalex.org/W2360986010","https://openalex.org/W2383447469","https://openalex.org/W1605702723","https://openalex.org/W2371197140","https://openalex.org/W2089779414","https://openalex.org/W9684605","https://openalex.org/W2147244125"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,58],"real":[1,142],"life,":[2],"documents":[3,23,144],"contain":[4],"several":[5],"font":[6],"types,":[7],"styles,":[8],"and":[9,24,83,86,108,132,145],"sizes.":[10],"However,":[11],"many":[12],"character":[13],"recognition":[14,38,48,65,137],"systems":[15,49],"show":[16],"good":[17],"results":[18,29,147],"for":[19,30,67,101,129],"specific":[20],"type":[21],"of":[22,56,73,78,91,103,124],"fail":[25],"to":[26,46,51],"produce":[27],"satisfactory":[28],"others.":[31],"Over":[32],"the":[33,44,54],"past":[34],"decades,":[35],"various":[36],"pattern":[37,90,98],"techniques":[39],"have":[40],"been":[41],"applied":[42],"with":[43],"aim":[45],"develop":[47],"insensitive":[50],"variations":[52],"in":[53],"characteristics":[55],"documents.":[57],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61],"present":[62],"a":[63,71,89],"robust":[64],"system":[66,138],"Ethiopic":[68,79],"script":[69],"using":[70,105,119],"hybrid":[72],"classifiers.":[74],"The":[75,97,112,136],"complex":[76],"structures":[77],"characters":[80,104],"are":[81,148],"structurally":[82],"syntactically":[84],"analyzed,":[85],"represented":[87],"as":[88],"simpler":[92],"graphical":[93],"units":[94],"called":[95],"primitives.":[96],"is":[99,115,127,139],"used":[100,128],"classification":[102,113],"similarity-based":[106],"matching":[107],"neural":[109],"network":[110],"classifier.":[111],"result":[114],"further":[116],"refined":[117],"by":[118,141],"template":[120],"matching.":[121],"A":[122],"pair":[123],"directional":[125],"filters":[126],"creating":[130],"templates":[131],"extracting":[133],"structural":[134],"features.":[135],"tested":[140],"life":[143],"experimental":[146],"reported.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}