{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2153771390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4378719","title":"An EM Based Algorithm for Skew Detection","display_name":"An EM Based Algorithm for Skew Detection","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2153771390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4378719","mag":"2153771390"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2007.4378719","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4378719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215987","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition","issn_l":"1520-5363","issn":["1520-5363","2379-2140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057441344","display_name":"Amir Egozi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Egozi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057441344","display_name":"Amir Egozi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Egozi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044512705","display_name":"I. Dinstein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Dinstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044512705","display_name":"I. Dinstein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Dinstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090636288","display_name":"J. Chapran","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Chapran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090636288","display_name":"J. Chapran","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Chapran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108530819","display_name":"M.C. Fairhurst","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Fairhurst","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108530819","display_name":"M.C. Fairhurst","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Fairhurst","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057441344"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3169,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76966933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"277","last_page":"281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skew","display_name":"Skew","score":0.941653847694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.62196946144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.6211957931518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5888025164604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5426715612411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.49714401364326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.49402743577957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39687463641166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39094626903533936}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43711488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534783","display_name":"Skew","level":2,"score":0.941653847694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.62196946144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.6211957931518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5888025164604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5426715612411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.49714401364326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49402743577957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39687463641166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39094626903533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2007.4378719","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4378719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215987","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition","issn_l":"1520-5363","issn":["1520-5363","2379-2140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W96651127","https://openalex.org/W1534651636","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1569492000","https://openalex.org/W1974141909","https://openalex.org/W1988542890","https://openalex.org/W2025357764","https://openalex.org/W2034395398","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2060458447","https://openalex.org/W2097217897","https://openalex.org/W2098470001","https://openalex.org/W2109244761","https://openalex.org/W2129884094","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W3129711340","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6632056016","https://openalex.org/W6674616688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4290802965","https://openalex.org/W97789383","https://openalex.org/W2727156679","https://openalex.org/W3087516072","https://openalex.org/W4289406402","https://openalex.org/W2067997904","https://openalex.org/W2393090384","https://openalex.org/W2389568476","https://openalex.org/W2356353625","https://openalex.org/W1578916557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,3,14,20],"statistical":[4],"approach":[5],"to":[6,33],"skew":[7,43],"detection,":[8],"where":[9],"the":[10,35,38,42,49],"textual":[11],"features":[12],"of":[13,22,37,66],"document":[15],"image":[16],"are":[17],"modeled":[18],"as":[19],"mixture":[21,39],"straight":[23],"lines":[24],"in":[25,64],"Gaussian":[26],"noise.":[27],"The":[28],"EM":[29],"algorithm":[30],"is":[31,46],"used":[32],"estimate":[34,45],"parameters":[36],"model":[40],"and":[41,68],"angle":[44],"extracted":[47],"from":[48],"estimated":[50],"parameters.":[51],"Experiments":[52],"prove":[53],"that":[54],"our":[55],"method":[56],"has":[57],"some":[58],"advantages":[59],"over":[60],"other":[61],"existing":[62],"methods":[63],"terms":[65],"accuracy":[67],"efficiency.":[69]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
