{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132889208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4378683","title":"Strategies for Large Handwritten Farsi/Arabic Lexicon Reduction","display_name":"Strategies for Large Handwritten Farsi/Arabic Lexicon Reduction","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132889208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4378683","mag":"2132889208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2007.4378683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4378683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215987","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition","issn_l":"1520-5363","issn":["1520-5363","2379-2140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102820495","display_name":"Saeed Mozaffari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8488-5509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Mozaffari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran","Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087876394","display_name":"Karim Faez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-4866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Faez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran","Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061324700","display_name":"Volker M\u00e4rgner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Margner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Technology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany","Technical University of Braunschweig Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Technology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Braunschweig Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006750314","display_name":"Haikal El Abed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2292-316X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. El-Abed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Technology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany","Technical University of Braunschweig Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Technology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Braunschweig Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102820495"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.439,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55302166,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"98","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cursive","display_name":"Cursive","score":0.9180730581283569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.9006432294845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7933861017227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6852684020996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.663200855255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6559945940971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.6008827090263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5503732562065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5451764464378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2037324607372284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.137730211019516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778943297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079418","display_name":"Cursive","level":2,"score":0.9180730581283569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.9006432294845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7933861017227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6852684020996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.663200855255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6559945940971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.6008827090263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5503732562065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5451764464378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2037324607372284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.137730211019516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2007.4378683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4378683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215987","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition","issn_l":"1520-5363","issn":["1520-5363","2379-2140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175300340","https://openalex.org/W1832056292","https://openalex.org/W1943140021","https://openalex.org/W1969984959","https://openalex.org/W1979615985","https://openalex.org/W2006309155","https://openalex.org/W2043742837","https://openalex.org/W2066998033","https://openalex.org/W2080895699","https://openalex.org/W2116629521","https://openalex.org/W2123772730","https://openalex.org/W2125754282","https://openalex.org/W2137629015","https://openalex.org/W2144094091","https://openalex.org/W2171498274","https://openalex.org/W2171927392","https://openalex.org/W2520933715"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373698219","https://openalex.org/W2035729865","https://openalex.org/W4253008392","https://openalex.org/W2986912172","https://openalex.org/W3092020155","https://openalex.org/W2131709163","https://openalex.org/W2244034498","https://openalex.org/W3007170103","https://openalex.org/W4387336439","https://openalex.org/W4243485167"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"large":[1,38],"number":[2,82],"of":[3,49,54,59,78,83,126,136,140],"words":[4],"to":[5,70],"be":[6,18],"recognized,":[7],"lexicon":[8,41,79,134],"reduction":[9,42,135],"strategy":[10],"for":[11,24,37],"eliminating":[12],"unlikely":[13],"candidates":[14,114],"before":[15],"recognition":[16,27],"can":[17],"a":[19,34,133],"reasonable":[20],"and":[21,62,103],"powerful":[22],"approach":[23,36],"increasing":[25],"the":[26,65,75,81,86,93,96,101,113,117],"speed.":[28],"In":[29,74],"this":[30,55],"paper,":[31],"we":[32],"describe":[33,71],"holistic":[35],"Arabic":[39,50,67,129],"handwritten":[40],"which":[43],"is":[44,89,106],"based":[45,99],"on":[46,100,122],"inherent":[47],"properties":[48],"writing.":[51],"The":[52],"principal":[53],"technique":[56],"involves":[57],"extraction":[58],"dots,":[60],"diacritics":[61,104],"subwords":[63,84],"from":[64],"cursive":[66,128],"word":[68,88,97,130],"image":[69],"its":[72],"shape.":[73],"first":[76,118],"stage":[77],"reduction,":[80],"in":[85,92,116],"input":[87],"estimated.":[90],"Then,":[91],"second":[94],"stage,":[95],"descriptor,":[98],"dots":[102],"information,":[105],"used":[107],"while":[108],"taking":[109],"into":[110],"account":[111],"only":[112],"selected":[115],"stage.":[119],"Experimental":[120],"results":[121],"IFN/ENIT":[123],"database,":[124],"consisting":[125],"26,459":[127],"images,":[131],"show":[132],"92.5%":[137],"with":[138],"accuracy":[139],"74%.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}