{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141955534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4378672","title":"Kernel Modified Quadratic Discriminant Function for Online Handwritten Chinese Characters Recognition","display_name":"Kernel Modified Quadratic Discriminant Function for Online Handwritten Chinese Characters Recognition","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141955534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4378672","mag":"2141955534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2007.4378672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4378672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215987","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition","issn_l":"1520-5363","issn":["1520-5363","2379-2140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"D. Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","South China University of Technology,guangzhou"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology,guangzhou","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"D. Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","South China University of Technology,guangzhou"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology,guangzhou","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"L. Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","South China University of Technology,guangzhou"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology,guangzhou","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"L. Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","South China University of Technology,guangzhou"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology,guangzhou","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039662070","display_name":"Qiang Huo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-6482"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Q. Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039662070","display_name":"Qiang Huo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-6482"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Q. Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102010131","display_name":"Tingting He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7523-6550"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. He","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102010131","display_name":"Tingting He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7523-6550"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. He","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4496,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56811594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"38","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-fisher-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis","score":0.7503319978713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6712355017662048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Kernel principal component analysis","score":0.6711490154266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6637977361679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6086027026176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-method","display_name":"Kernel method","score":0.5213347673416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant","display_name":"Discriminant","score":0.5186957120895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-embedding-of-distributions","display_name":"Kernel embedding of distributions","score":0.5078268647193909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-basis-function-kernel","display_name":"Radial basis function kernel","score":0.4919387996196747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial-kernel","display_name":"Polynomial kernel","score":0.482665091753006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4623850882053375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.45741623640060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44926050305366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.44294214248657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Variable kernel density estimation","score":0.43720343708992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-function","display_name":"Quadratic function","score":0.41307732462882996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.2356102466583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.2248174250125885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.06730201840400696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181367576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6394184","display_name":"Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis","level":4,"score":0.7503319978713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6712355017662048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182335926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093020","display_name":"Kernel principal component analysis","level":4,"score":0.6711490154266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6637977361679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6086027026176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.5213347673416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78397625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192487","display_name":"Discriminant","level":2,"score":0.5186957120895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134517425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000131","display_name":"Kernel embedding of distributions","level":4,"score":0.5078268647193909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75866337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7280263","display_name":"Radial basis function kernel","level":4,"score":0.4919387996196747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160446489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7226642","display_name":"Polynomial kernel","level":4,"score":0.482665091753006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4623850882053375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.45741623640060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44926050305366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.44294214248657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195699287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915722","display_name":"Variable kernel density estimation","level":4,"score":0.43720343708992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166437778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50695","display_name":"Quadratic function","level":3,"score":0.41307732462882996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2356102466583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.2248174250125885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.06730201840400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2007.4378672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4378672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215987","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition","issn_l":"1520-5363","issn":["1520-5363","2379-2140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321026","display_name":"Ministry of Earth Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/013cf5k59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040193698","https://openalex.org/W2123119958","https://openalex.org/W2134969019","https://openalex.org/W2140095548","https://openalex.org/W2144443709","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2164071167","https://openalex.org/W6678074473","https://openalex.org/W6681360343"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4311138679","https://openalex.org/W2393746448","https://openalex.org/W3123056048","https://openalex.org/W2610521515","https://openalex.org/W1509134351","https://openalex.org/W2015311866","https://openalex.org/W2043888321","https://openalex.org/W2114252311","https://openalex.org/W2068526999","https://openalex.org/W1510608395"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"modified":[1,50],"quadratic":[2,51],"discriminant":[3,52],"function":[4,53],"has":[5],"been":[6],"used":[7],"successfully":[8],"in":[9],"handwriting":[10],"recognition,":[11],"which":[12],"can":[13],"be":[14],"seen":[15],"as":[16],"a":[17,44],"dot-product":[18],"method":[19],"by":[20,38,70],"eigen-":[21],"decomposition":[22],"of":[23,66],"the":[24,64,71],"covariance":[25],"matrix.":[26],"Therefore,":[27],"it":[28],"is":[29,68],"possible":[30],"to":[31,34],"expand":[32],"MQDF":[33,67],"high":[35],"dimension":[36],"space":[37],"kernel":[39,72],"trick.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"presents":[43],"new":[45],"kernel-":[46],"based":[47],"method,":[48],"Kernel":[49],"(KMQDF)":[54],"for":[55],"online":[56],"Chinese":[57],"Characters":[58],"Recognition.":[59],"Experimental":[60],"results":[61],"show":[62],"that":[63],"performance":[65],"improved":[69],"approach.":[73]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}