{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004668182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4377104","title":"Physical Structure Segmentation with Projection Profile for Mathematic Formulae and Graphics in Academic Paper Images","display_name":"Physical Structure Segmentation with Projection Profile for Mathematic Formulae and Graphics in Academic Paper Images","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004668182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4377104","mag":"2004668182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2007.4377104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4377104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215987","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition","issn_l":"1520-5363","issn":["1520-5363","2379-2140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007) Vol 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091778964","display_name":"Tzu-Yuan Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Yuan CHANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102094819","display_name":"Yusuke TAKIGUCHI","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusuke TAKIGUCHI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108196717","display_name":"Minoru Okada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minoru OKADA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091778964"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3491,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74028986,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"1193","last_page":"1197"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7244839668273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7153003215789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6946071982383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.689762532711029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.6709321737289429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.5963013768196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.5786537528038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.5613155364990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation-based-object-categorization","display_name":"Segmentation-based object categorization","score":0.5410119891166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-image","display_name":"Binary image","score":0.530677855014801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.49377331137657166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.47140979766845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.46328917145729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.43985074758529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.43842098116874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4117928445339203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3361514210700989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3220023512840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19612401723861694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12647032737731934}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7244839668273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7153003215789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6946071982383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.689762532711029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.6709321737289429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.5963013768196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5786537528038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.5613155364990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25694479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7446278","display_name":"Segmentation-based object categorization","level":5,"score":0.5410119891166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193828747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864118","display_name":"Binary image","level":4,"score":0.530677855014801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.49377331137657166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.47140979766845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46328917145729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.43985074758529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.43842098116874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4117928445339203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3361514210700989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3220023512840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19612401723861694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12647032737731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2007.4377104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4377104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215987","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition","issn_l":"1520-5363","issn":["1520-5363","2379-2140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007) Vol 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W291468462","https://openalex.org/W1497676395","https://openalex.org/W1596767899","https://openalex.org/W1983321062","https://openalex.org/W1998353010","https://openalex.org/W2015780951","https://openalex.org/W2034103639","https://openalex.org/W2117240366","https://openalex.org/W2130283001","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2136988768","https://openalex.org/W2144209937","https://openalex.org/W2158359505","https://openalex.org/W3004296763","https://openalex.org/W4210274852","https://openalex.org/W6610523802","https://openalex.org/W6629782176","https://openalex.org/W6650117804"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3144569342","https://openalex.org/W2185902295","https://openalex.org/W2945274617","https://openalex.org/W2785294226","https://openalex.org/W2068271400","https://openalex.org/W2372421320","https://openalex.org/W2057775483","https://openalex.org/W2041871225","https://openalex.org/W2386644571","https://openalex.org/W2094371440"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"segmentation":[1,40],"is":[2,13,60,84,110],"an":[3,14,52,56],"essential":[4],"topic":[5],"in":[6,51],"a":[7,37,63],"document":[8],"processing":[9,22],"system,":[10],"and":[11,41,49,80,87,91,105,113],"also":[12],"important":[15],"initial":[16],"task":[17],"for":[18,39,115],"higher":[19],"level":[20],"image":[21,59,65,77,83],"such":[23],"as":[24],"recognition":[25],"or":[26],"object":[27],"tracking":[28],"since":[29],"recent":[30],"years.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33],"paper":[34,58,103],"we":[35],"propose":[36],"method":[38,99,109],"extraction":[42],"of":[43,46,74],"the":[44,70,75,82,97,108],"regions":[45],"mathematical":[47],"formulae":[48],"graphics":[50],"academic":[53,57,102],"paper.":[54],"First,":[55],"transformed":[61],"into":[62],"binary":[64,76],"by":[66,89],"Ohtsu's":[67],"method.":[68],"Second,":[69],"boundary":[71],"blank":[72],"spaces":[73],"are":[78],"removed":[79],"then":[81],"recursively":[85],"segmented":[86],"extracted":[88],"vertical":[90],"horizontal":[92],"projection":[93],"profiles.":[94],"We":[95],"apply":[96],"proposed":[98],"to":[100],"150":[101],"images,":[104],"show":[106],"that":[107],"adaptable,":[111],"robust":[112],"effective":[114],"segmentation.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T06:02:16.177343","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}