{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019401102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4377070","title":"Preliminary experiments in layout analysis of handwritten letters based on textural and spatial information and a 2D Markovian approach","display_name":"Preliminary experiments in layout analysis of handwritten letters based on textural and spatial information and a 2D Markovian approach","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019401102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4377070","mag":"2019401102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2007.4377070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4377070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215987","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition","issn_l":"1520-5363","issn":["1520-5363","2379-2140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007) Vol 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029112851","display_name":"Melanie Lemaitre","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158824","display_name":"Groupe Art\u00e9mis (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/05n06xd29","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158824"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135895","display_name":"Ecolab (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/03h13e556","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110810","https://openalex.org/I4210135895"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Melanie Lemaitre","raw_affiliation_strings":["GET/INT, Unit\u00e9 de projets Artemis, Evry, France","DGA/Centre d'Expertise Parisien, Arcueil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GET/INT, Unit\u00e9 de projets Artemis, Evry, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158824"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DGA/Centre d'Expertise Parisien, Arcueil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074713945","display_name":"Emmanu\u00e8le Grosicki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135895","display_name":"Ecolab (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/03h13e556","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110810","https://openalex.org/I4210135895"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuele Grosicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["DGA, Centre d'Expertise Parisien, Arcueil, France","DGA/Centre d'Expertise Parisien, Arcueil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DGA, Centre d'Expertise Parisien, Arcueil, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DGA/Centre d'Expertise Parisien, Arcueil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106437854","display_name":"Fran\u00e7oise Pr\u00eateux","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124832","display_name":"Astrophysique Relativiste, Th\u00e9ories, Exp\u00e9riences, M\u00e9trologie, Instrumentation, Signaux","ror":"https://ror.org/031ah7413","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210124832","https://openalex.org/I4210126779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158824","display_name":"Groupe Art\u00e9mis (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/05n06xd29","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158824"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francoise Preteux","raw_affiliation_strings":["GET/INT, Unit\u00e9 de projets Artemis, Evry, France","GET/INT, Unit?e de projets ARTEMIS, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GET/INT, Unit\u00e9 de projets Artemis, Evry, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158824"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GET/INT, Unit?e de projets ARTEMIS, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158824","https://openalex.org/I4210124832"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029112851"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135895","https://openalex.org/I4210158824"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.439,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51026226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1023","last_page":"1027"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7606148719787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.7069164514541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6119754314422607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.5820407867431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.5396589636802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.5244503021240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-random-field","display_name":"Markov random field","score":0.49889159202575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.49799299240112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4472700357437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4163263738155365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4044169485569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3599213659763336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3365969657897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.2827296853065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.22700008749961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.17965534329414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14679905772209167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07846665382385254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7606148719787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.7069164514541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6119754314422607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.5820407867431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.5396589636802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.5244503021240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778045648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176827","display_name":"Markov random field","level":4,"score":0.49889159202575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49799299240112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4472700357437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4163263738155365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4044169485569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3599213659763336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3365969657897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.2827296853065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.22700008749961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.17965534329414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14679905772209167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07846665382385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2007.4377070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4377070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215987","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition","issn_l":"1520-5363","issn":["1520-5363","2379-2140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007) Vol 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W239669968","https://openalex.org/W2020558856","https://openalex.org/W2114220616","https://openalex.org/W2141756865","https://openalex.org/W2146839283","https://openalex.org/W2999778248","https://openalex.org/W4387659665","https://openalex.org/W6609305966","https://openalex.org/W6773066478","https://openalex.org/W6857088562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053269318","https://openalex.org/W2364370872","https://openalex.org/W2025614924","https://openalex.org/W2294335174","https://openalex.org/W2097963413","https://openalex.org/W3145575561","https://openalex.org/W2001275470","https://openalex.org/W2073996508","https://openalex.org/W1591475660","https://openalex.org/W2164162849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,24,37,41,47,66],"problem":[4,32],"of":[5,8,40,65,79],"layout":[6,25],"analysis":[7],"handwritten":[9],"letters":[10],"using":[11],"textural":[12],"and":[13],"spatial":[14],"information":[15],"with":[16],"a":[17,30,62],"bidimensional":[18],"Markovian":[19],"approach.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"framework,":[23],"extraction":[26],"is":[27],"viewed":[28],"as":[29],"labeling":[31],"which":[33,75],"aims":[34],"to":[35],"find":[36],"optimal":[38],"configuration":[39],"Markov":[42],"random":[43],"field":[44],"performed":[45],"by":[46,52,69],"2D":[48],"dynamic":[49],"programming":[50],"method":[51],"E.":[53],"Geoffrois":[54],"(2003).":[55],"Preliminary":[56],"experiments":[57],"have":[58],"been":[59,82],"led":[60],"on":[61],"small":[63],"part":[64],"RIMES":[67],"database":[68],"E.Augustine":[70],"el":[71],"al.":[72],"(2006)":[73],"for":[74],"an":[76],"error":[77],"rate":[78],"15%":[80],"has":[81],"achieved.":[83]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}