{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105285775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227835","title":"Analysis of handwriting individuality using word features","display_name":"Analysis of handwriting individuality using word features","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105285775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227835","mag":"2105285775"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2003.1227835","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227835","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392899","display_name":"Bin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0633-2930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEDAR, Computer Science and Engineering Department, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","State University of New York ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEDAR, Computer Science and Engineering Department, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102711181","display_name":"Sargur N. Srihari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.N. Srihari","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEDAR, Computer Science and Engineering Department, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","State Univ. of New York at Buffalo"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEDAR, Computer Science and Engineering Department, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Univ. of New York at Buffalo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100392899"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I57206974","https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.777,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95503399,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1142","last_page":"1146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.7966146469116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7307151556015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6172857880592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5967702865600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4506604075431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4315900504589081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3530118465423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.06014356017112732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.7966146469116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7307151556015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6172857880592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5967702865600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4506604075431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4315900504589081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3530118465423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.06014356017112732}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2003.1227835","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227835","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1.4359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1.4359","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/%7Eprima/ICDAR2003/Papers/0208_526_zhang_b.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.523.4276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.523.4276","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cedar.buffalo.edu/papers/articles/ICDAR03_wordindv.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306098","display_name":"U.S. Department of Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/02916qm60"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606323814","https://openalex.org/W2008434740","https://openalex.org/W2014802492","https://openalex.org/W2033455282","https://openalex.org/W2062219129","https://openalex.org/W2072440922","https://openalex.org/W2146850796","https://openalex.org/W4237443068","https://openalex.org/W4251553584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388180914","https://openalex.org/W2507888814","https://openalex.org/W3118925046","https://openalex.org/W2381764175","https://openalex.org/W2561540377","https://openalex.org/W2360066868","https://openalex.org/W1694630026","https://openalex.org/W3166464480","https://openalex.org/W2027154813","https://openalex.org/W2374694510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"...":[0],"(words)":[1],"is":[2,25,38,51,64],"the":[3,7],"key":[4],"for":[5,31],"obtaining":[6],"discriminating":[8],"elements":[9],"of":[10,20,35,61,81],"handwriting.":[11],"While":[12],"allographs":[13,24],"usually":[14],"inhabit":[15],"in":[16,84,95],"words":[17,37,63,91],"and":[18,41,56,59,69,98],"segregation":[19],"a":[21,39,47],"word":[22,49,74],"into":[23],"more":[26,100],"subjective":[27],"than":[28,102],"objective,":[29],"especially":[30],"cursive":[32],"writing,":[33],"analysis":[34],"handwritten":[36,48,62,90,104],"natural":[40],"better":[42],"option.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"study,":[46],"image":[50],"characterized":[52],"by":[53],"gradient,":[54],"structural,":[55],"concavity":[57],"features,":[58],"individuality":[60,101],"experimented":[65],"through":[66],"writership":[67],"identification":[68],"verification":[70],"on":[71],"over":[72],"12,000":[73],"images":[75],"extracted":[76],"from":[77],"3000":[78],"handwriting":[79,97],"samples":[80],"1000":[82],"individuals":[83],"U.S..":[85],"Experimental":[86],"results":[87],"show":[88],"that":[89],"are":[92],"very":[93],"effective":[94],"differentiating":[96],"carry":[99],"most":[103],"characters":[105],"(allographs).":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}