{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132612523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227798","title":"Writer identification using directional element features and linear transform","display_name":"Writer identification using directional element features and linear transform","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132612523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227798","mag":"2132612523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2003.1227798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227798","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002972091","display_name":"Xianliang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3462-608X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xianliang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology and Systems, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology and Systems, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019552689","display_name":"Xiaoqing Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqing Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology and Systems, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology and Systems, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100606439","display_name":"Hailong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-3108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hailong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology and Systems, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology and Systems, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002972091"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.35,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89714777,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"942","last_page":"945"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7284219861030579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.7208924293518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6733481287956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.5878236293792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.563578724861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5630898475646973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5619236826896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5350766181945801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.5077024698257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/element","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","score":0.47491347789764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.44589072465896606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4391351640224457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.41839635372161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2330724596977234}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7284219861030579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.7208924293518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6733481287956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.5878236293792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.563578724861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5630898475646973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5619236826896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5350766181945801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5077024698257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200288055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","level":2,"score":0.47491347789764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.44589072465896606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4391351640224457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41839635372161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2330724596977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2003.1227798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227798","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1770825568","https://openalex.org/W2008434740","https://openalex.org/W2062219129","https://openalex.org/W2074812954","https://openalex.org/W2097405263","https://openalex.org/W2112274905","https://openalex.org/W2133035905","https://openalex.org/W2135346934"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2803563284","https://openalex.org/W3003949997","https://openalex.org/W3199359807","https://openalex.org/W2110485610","https://openalex.org/W3047607512","https://openalex.org/W4390983538","https://openalex.org/W2744690920","https://openalex.org/W2107320953","https://openalex.org/W2787081548","https://openalex.org/W183832189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"an":[5],"effective":[6],"method":[7],"to":[8,51],"writeridentification":[9],"that":[10],"is":[11,20,46,75],"carried":[12],"out":[13],"using":[14,48,68],"single":[15],"Chinesecharacter":[16],"as":[17],"script,":[18],"which":[19],"very":[21,24],"flexible":[22],"and":[23],"easy":[25],"tobe":[26],"used":[27],"in":[28],"practice.":[29],"The":[30,72],"directional":[31],"element":[32],"features":[33,45,61],"arefirst":[34],"extracted":[35,63],"from":[36,64],"the":[37,41,44,54,83],"handwriting":[38],"character":[39],"scripts,then":[40],"dimensions":[42],"of":[43,82],"reduced":[47],"PCAin":[49],"order":[50],"cope":[52],"with":[53],"small":[55],"sample":[56],"size":[57],"problem.":[58],"Themost":[59],"discriminative":[60],"are":[62],"thereduced":[65],"feature":[66],"space":[67],"Fisher's":[69],"Linear":[70],"DiscriminantAnalysis.":[71],"Euclidian":[73],"distance":[74],"proposed":[76,84],"forclassification.":[77],"Experimental":[78],"result":[79],"verified":[80],"theeffectiveness":[81],"method.":[85]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}