{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1700478022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227723","title":"Automatic understanding of structures in printed mathematical expressions","display_name":"Automatic understanding of structures in printed mathematical expressions","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1700478022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227723","mag":"1700478022"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2003.1227723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227723","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005963583","display_name":"Joydip Mitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5508-1563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","Indian Stat. Inst., Kolkata, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Stat. Inst., Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024170958","display_name":"Utpal Garain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7207-5018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. Garain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","Indian Stat. Inst., Kolkata, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Stat. Inst., Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025093894","display_name":"B.B. Chaudhuri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-8929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.B. Chaudhuri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","Indian Stat. Inst., Kolkata, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Stat. Inst., Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097530176","display_name":"Kumar Swamy HV","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumar Swamy HV","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Stat. Inst., Kolkata, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Stat. Inst., Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113602288","display_name":"T. Pal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","Indian Stat. Inst., Kolkata, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Stat. Inst., Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005963583"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0114,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74663639,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"540","last_page":"544"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.779189944267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.7686018943786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.6209768056869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5882806181907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5532735586166382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.5025074481964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.45368680357933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4231742322444916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4131416082382202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3786224126815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1931849718093872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.163478821516037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12910175323486328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.779189944267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7686018943786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6209768056869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5882806181907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5532735586166382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5025074481964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.45368680357933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4231742322444916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4131416082382202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3786224126815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1931849718093872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.163478821516037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12910175323486328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2003.1227723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227723","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572365090","https://openalex.org/W1954886104","https://openalex.org/W2005079280","https://openalex.org/W2037121285","https://openalex.org/W2078750877"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585007175","https://openalex.org/W2382521049","https://openalex.org/W2144385241","https://openalex.org/W4255837520","https://openalex.org/W2165950148","https://openalex.org/W4253593777","https://openalex.org/W2951497643","https://openalex.org/W2387011115","https://openalex.org/W4300101996","https://openalex.org/W2142393343"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recognizing":[0],"mathematical":[1,35,81,101],"expressions":[2,36,102],"from":[3],"document":[4],"image":[5],"is":[6,43,60],"a":[7,24,65,80,96,104],"key":[8],"problem":[9],"in":[10,51],"automatic":[11],"conversion":[12],"of":[13,33,49,57,79,90,100,108],"scientific":[14],"documents":[15],"into":[16],"electronic":[17],"form.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20],"paper,":[21],"we":[22],"propose":[23],"simple":[25],"grammar-based":[26],"approach":[27],"to":[28,86],"recognize":[29],"complex":[30],"two-dimensional":[31],"structures":[32],"printed":[34],"with":[37],"high":[38,106],"accuracy.":[39],"The":[40,62],"proposed":[41,92],"technique":[42],"based":[44],"on":[45],"the":[46,58,69,88,91,109],"structural":[47,77],"information":[48],"symbols":[50],"an":[52],"expression.":[53,71],"An":[54],"efficient":[55],"implementation":[56],"grammar":[59],"presented.":[61],"system":[63],"generates":[64],"TEX":[66],"string":[67],"for":[68,75],"input":[70],"A":[72],"new":[73],"criterion":[74],"defining":[76],"complexity":[78],"expression":[82],"has":[83],"been":[84],"formulated":[85],"measure":[87],"performance":[89],"technique.":[93],"Experiment":[94],"using":[95],"good":[97],"representative":[98],"sample":[99],"shows":[103],"reasonably":[105],"efficiency":[107],"system.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}