{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123895871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227712","title":"A recognition and verification strategy for handwritten word recognition","display_name":"A recognition and verification strategy for handwritten word recognition","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123895871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227712","mag":"2123895871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2003.1227712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111455202","display_name":"Marisa Morita","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Morita","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00c9cole de Technologie Superieure, Montreal, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Superieure, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026340083","display_name":"Robert Sabourin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-1011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176838256","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/02x1vjk79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}],"countries":["BR","CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Sabourin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e0, Curitiba, Brazil","\u00c9cole de Technologie Superieure, Montreal, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e0, Curitiba, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Superieure, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013206485","display_name":"Fl\u00e1vio Bortolozzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0517-1127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176838256","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/02x1vjk79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Bortolozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e0, Curitiba, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e0, Curitiba, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059479627","display_name":"Ching Y. Suen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1209-7631"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.Y. Suen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, Montreal, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111455202"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3793,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83053274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"482","last_page":"486"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8380441665649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.7558021545410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6358087062835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-word-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent word recognition","score":0.6247124075889587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"Word recognition","score":0.5991722941398621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5847455263137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5737714767456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.5392798781394958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5380546450614929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.5002584457397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4685837924480438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44314077496528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.3841208815574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-character-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","score":0.326099157333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.16414937376976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.08425089716911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06203630566596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.05978500843048096}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8380441665649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.7558021545410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6358087062835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17649283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044162","display_name":"Intelligent word recognition","level":5,"score":0.6247124075889587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150856459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034367","display_name":"Word recognition","level":3,"score":0.5991722941398621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5847455263137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5737714767456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.5392798781394958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5380546450614929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.5002584457397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4685837924480438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44314077496528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3841208815574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.326099157333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.16414937376976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.08425089716911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06203630566596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.05978500843048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2003.1227712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.3.8293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.3.8293","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.livia.etsmtl.ca/publications/2003/marisa_542_icdar2003_final.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.58.2091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.58.2091","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/%7Eprima/ICDAR2003/Papers/0088_542_morita_m.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595901008","https://openalex.org/W1864990666","https://openalex.org/W1997312619","https://openalex.org/W2105023627","https://openalex.org/W2126886776","https://openalex.org/W2138156631","https://openalex.org/W2146156528","https://openalex.org/W2147799187"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309724674","https://openalex.org/W2891374022","https://openalex.org/W4383503016","https://openalex.org/W4379619998","https://openalex.org/W2584088274","https://openalex.org/W4206266975","https://openalex.org/W2131831414","https://openalex.org/W2590218447","https://openalex.org/W2682989974","https://openalex.org/W2095300807"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,30],"this":[1,34],"paper":[2],"a":[3,28,45],"word":[4,42,77],"recognition":[5,43,78],"and":[6,49,79],"verification":[7],"scheme":[8],"based":[9],"on":[10,41],"HMMs":[11],"is":[12],"presented.":[13],"However,":[14],"the":[15,19,24,53,63,69,72],"main":[16],"contribution":[17],"of":[18,26,62,71],"current":[20],"work":[21],"lies":[22],"in":[23],"validation":[25],"such":[27],"strategy.":[29],"order":[31],"to":[32],"perform":[33],"task,":[35],"we":[36,51,74],"carried":[37],"out":[38],"some":[39],"experiments":[40,67],"using":[44],"legal":[46],"amount":[47],"database":[48],"then":[50],"compared":[52],"results":[54],"reached":[55],"with":[56],"other":[57],"study":[58],"which":[59],"makes":[60],"use":[61],"same":[64],"database.":[65],"The":[66],"demonstrate":[68],"efficiency":[70],"strategy":[73],"developed":[75],"for":[76],"verification.":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}