{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108110545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227672","title":"Improvement of matching and evaluation in handwritten numeral recognition using flexible standard patterns","display_name":"Improvement of matching and evaluation in handwritten numeral recognition using flexible standard patterns","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108110545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227672","mag":"2108110545"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2003.1227672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227672","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004760981","display_name":"Hirokazu Muramatsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. Muramatsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","Graduate school of information, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate school of information, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064783832","display_name":"T. Kobayashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8388-2904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Kobayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","Graduate school of information, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate school of information, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113864693","display_name":"Takahiro Sugiyama","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Sugiyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","Graduate school of information, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate school of information, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055129897","display_name":"Keiichi Abe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4364-8259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Abe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","Graduate school of information, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate school of information, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004760981"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15737322,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"273","last_page":"277"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numeral-system","display_name":"Numeral system","score":0.8158206939697266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.7509651780128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7181921005249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6976660490036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6535707712173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5229535698890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.49700477719306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.4763370156288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-matching","display_name":"Pattern matching","score":0.44283366203308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3523717522621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22936859726905823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12692111730575562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204160518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122653","display_name":"Numeral system","level":2,"score":0.8158206939697266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7509651780128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7181921005249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6976660490036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6535707712173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5229535698890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.49700477719306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.4763370156288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.44283366203308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3523717522621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22936859726905823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12692111730575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.2003.1227672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2003.1227672","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1.4056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1.4056","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/%7Eprima/ICDAR2003/Papers/0048_567_abe_k.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487370853","https://openalex.org/W1570054331","https://openalex.org/W1904656258","https://openalex.org/W1913131897","https://openalex.org/W1986399113","https://openalex.org/W1993638205","https://openalex.org/W1993889878","https://openalex.org/W2029189646","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2063252599","https://openalex.org/W2095632546","https://openalex.org/W2140825458","https://openalex.org/W2158441602","https://openalex.org/W2169469779","https://openalex.org/W6633957786"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2539042112","https://openalex.org/W587872652","https://openalex.org/W4234680390","https://openalex.org/W2378136823","https://openalex.org/W2376285871","https://openalex.org/W2943461603","https://openalex.org/W2170939707","https://openalex.org/W3210429500","https://openalex.org/W3217252310","https://openalex.org/W4286894112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,20,40,46,71],"this":[3],"study":[4],"is":[5],"to":[6,80],"develop":[7],"a":[8,53,64,90],"flexible":[9],"matching":[10,39,55],"method":[11,31,56,67],"for":[12],"recognizing":[13],"handwritten":[14],"numerals":[15],"based":[16],"on":[17,93],"the":[18,29,41,69,76,83,96,101],"statistics":[19],"shapes":[21],"and":[22,44,63,99],"structures":[23],"learned":[24],"from":[25,82,95],"learning":[26],"samples.":[27],"In":[28],"recognition":[30,77,91,102],"we":[32,51],"reported":[33],"before,":[34],"there":[35],"were":[36],"problems":[37],"in":[38],"feature":[42],"points":[43],"evaluation":[45,66],"matching.":[47],"To":[48],"solve":[49],"them,":[50],"propose":[52],"new":[54,65],"supplementing":[57],"contour":[58],"orientations":[59],"with":[60],"convex/concave":[61],"information":[62],"considering":[68],"structure":[70],"strokes.":[72],"With":[73],"these":[74],"improvements":[75],"rate":[78,103],"rose":[79],"96.0%":[81],"earlier":[84],"figure":[85],"91.9%.":[86],"We":[87],"also":[88],"made":[89],"experiment":[92],"samples":[94],"ETL-1":[97],"database":[98],"obtained":[100],"95.2%.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}