{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2086341197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.1999.791775","title":"Designing efficient distributed neural classifiers: application to handwritten digit recognition","display_name":"Designing efficient distributed neural classifiers: application to handwritten digit recognition","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2086341197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.1999.791775","mag":"2086341197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.1999.791775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.1999.791775","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. ICDAR '99 (Cat. No.PR00318)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002877812","display_name":"Arnaud Ribert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62396329","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rouen Normandie","ror":"https://ror.org/03nhjew95","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105918","https://openalex.org/I62396329"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Ribert","raw_affiliation_strings":["P.S.I. Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"P.S.I. Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62396329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068480709","display_name":"Y. Lecourtier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62396329","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rouen Normandie","ror":"https://ror.org/03nhjew95","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105918","https://openalex.org/I62396329"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Lecourtier","raw_affiliation_strings":["P.S.I. Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"P.S.I. Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62396329"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083875852","display_name":"A. Ennaji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0592-2376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62396329","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rouen Normandie","ror":"https://ror.org/03nhjew95","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105918","https://openalex.org/I62396329"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Ennaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["P.S.I. Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"P.S.I. Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62396329"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002877812"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62396329"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5098,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75247406,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"x","issue":null,"first_page":"265","last_page":"268"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7817124724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7455621361732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6557115912437439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6496078968048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digit-recognition","display_name":"Digit recognition","score":0.6109878420829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6095947623252869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5578746795654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","score":0.5447853207588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-gas","display_name":"Neural gas","score":0.4838637113571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4199269413948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.41808056831359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3346436023712158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-delay-neural-network","display_name":"Time delay neural network","score":0.28428077697753906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7817124724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7455621361732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6557115912437439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6496078968048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984784707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Digit recognition","level":3,"score":0.6109878420829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6095947623252869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5578746795654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.5447853207588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90322556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981169","display_name":"Neural gas","level":4,"score":0.4838637113571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4199269413948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.41808056831359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3346436023712158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175202392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434543","display_name":"Time delay neural network","level":3,"score":0.28428077697753906}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icdar.1999.791775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icdar.1999.791775","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. ICDAR '99 (Cat. No.PR00318)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535289002","https://openalex.org/W1971784203","https://openalex.org/W1988115241","https://openalex.org/W2007995029","https://openalex.org/W2042481239","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2147368400","https://openalex.org/W2319660501","https://openalex.org/W2463357184","https://openalex.org/W2740373864","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4300402905","https://openalex.org/W6678914141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388115778","https://openalex.org/W3003698998","https://openalex.org/W4386427232","https://openalex.org/W4384518531","https://openalex.org/W4385730464","https://openalex.org/W3177693432","https://openalex.org/W2768121648","https://openalex.org/W3046905433","https://openalex.org/W4385828739","https://openalex.org/W1964692985"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Describes":[0],"an":[1,93],"automatic":[2],"method":[3,44],"for":[4,9,85],"building":[5],"distributed":[6,99],"neural":[7],"classifiers":[8],"pattern":[10],"recognition.":[11],"The":[12,54],"methodology":[13,56],"is":[14,38],"based":[15],"on":[16],"the":[17,23,33,47,98,104],"detection":[18,37],"of":[19,30,58,61,97],"reliable":[20],"regions":[21,63],"in":[22,101],"representation":[24],"space,":[25],"i.e.":[26],"clusters":[27],"exclusively":[28],"composed":[29],"patterns":[31],"from":[32],"same":[34],"class.":[35],"This":[36],"performed":[39],"using":[40],"a":[41,52,65,86,111],"hierarchical":[42],"clustering":[43],"associated":[45],"with":[46,64],"supervised":[48],"information":[49],"provided":[50],"by":[51],"professor.":[53],"proposed":[55],"consists":[57],"associating":[59],"each":[60],"these":[62],"multilayer":[66],"perceptron":[67],"(MLP)":[68],"which":[69],"has":[70],"to":[71,103],"recognise":[72],"elements":[73],"that":[74],"are":[75],"inside":[76],"its":[77],"region":[78],"while":[79],"rejecting":[80],"all":[81],"others.":[82],"Experimental":[83],"results":[84],"real":[87],"problem":[88],"(handwritten":[89],"digit":[90],"recognition)":[91],"reveal":[92],"interesting":[94],"generalisation":[95],"behaviour":[96],"classifier":[100],"comparison":[102],"k-nearest":[105],"neighbour":[106],"algorithm":[107],"as":[108,110],"well":[109],"single":[112],"MLP.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}