{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414405135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162391","title":"Ranging Error Compensation Algorithm for Vehicle Key Localization in NLOS Environments","display_name":"Ranging Error Compensation Algorithm for Vehicle Key Localization in NLOS Environments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414405135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162391"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162391","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101828696","display_name":"Zhitao Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4790-1039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131005","display_name":"Chery Automobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xab7z06","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131005"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhitao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd,China,400023"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd,China,400023","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074399745","display_name":"Dapeng Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9069-8881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131005","display_name":"Chery Automobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xab7z06","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131005"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dapeng Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd,China,400023"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd,China,400023","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398661","display_name":"Ling Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8964-6454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131005","display_name":"Chery Automobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xab7z06","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131005"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd,China,400023"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd,China,400023","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100732571","display_name":"Zili Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0507-9101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131005","display_name":"Chery Automobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xab7z06","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zengwen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd,China,400023","Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Communication and Information Engineering,China,400065"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd,China,400023","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Communication and Information Engineering,China,400065","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015161622","display_name":"Li Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-9722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Communication and Information Engineering,China,400065"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Communication and Information Engineering,China,400065","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424638","display_name":"Ze Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1154-6012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131005","display_name":"Chery Automobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xab7z06","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ze Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd,China,400023","Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Communication and Information Engineering,China,400065"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd,China,400023","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Communication and Information Engineering,China,400065","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040270498","display_name":"Zengshan Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2847-0488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zengshan Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Communication and Information Engineering,China,400065"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Communication and Information Engineering,China,400065","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101828696"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29948486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"451","last_page":"456"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9204999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9204999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12406","display_name":"IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems","score":0.9126999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9068999886512756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.914900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.7714999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","score":0.7218000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.7019000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.5647000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.40450000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.3978999853134155}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.914900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.7714999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7218000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.7019000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6614999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.5647000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.42890000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.40450000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84119951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3498530","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","level":3,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525452385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156265","display_name":"Compensation methods","level":4,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986158284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Distance measurement","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183356978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779213","display_name":"Tracking error","level":3,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162391","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497886808","https://openalex.org/W2086266373","https://openalex.org/W2115407547","https://openalex.org/W2129088323","https://openalex.org/W2535784507","https://openalex.org/W2540318810","https://openalex.org/W2765266302","https://openalex.org/W3043449339","https://openalex.org/W3213989331"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,10,35,44,52,56,68,88,97,117,124,127,137,142,154,158,176],"widespread":[2],"adoption":[3],"and":[4,26,47,55,96,169],"development":[5],"of":[6,12,37,87,100,126],"smart":[7],"vehicles,":[8],"using":[9,136],"location":[11],"vehicle":[13,38,53,57,89,148],"key":[14,39,54,90,149],"with":[15,41],"short-range":[16],"signals,":[17],"such":[18,66],"as":[19,67],"Bluetooth":[20],"to":[21,62,78,92,175,182],"achieve":[22,79],"door":[23],"unlocking,":[24],"locking,":[25],"engine":[27],"start":[28],"have":[29],"garnered":[30],"significant":[31,166],"attention.":[32],"However,":[33],"in":[34,130,146,186],"processing":[36],"localization":[40],"distance":[42],"measurement,":[43],"line-of-sight":[45],"(LOS)":[46],"non-line-of-sight":[48],"(NLOS)":[49],"conditions":[50],"between":[51],"may":[58],"frequently":[59],"switch":[60],"due":[61,91],"occlusions":[63],"by":[64],"obstacles":[65],"human":[69,143],"body.":[70],"Traditional":[71],"NLOS":[72],"ranging":[73,111,160,188],"error":[74,112,161,167],"compensation":[75,81,113,162,170],"algorithms":[76],"struggle":[77],"satisfactory":[80],"results":[82,155],"under":[83],"uncertain":[84],"movement":[85,144],"states":[86],"low":[93],"recognition":[94],"accuracy":[95],"single-motion":[98,128],"model":[99,129],"Kalman":[101,132,178],"filtering.":[102],"To":[103],"address":[104],"this":[105,107],"problem,":[106],"paper":[108],"designs":[109],"a":[110,147,183],"algorithm":[114,163],"based":[115],"on":[116],"Interacting":[118],"Multiple":[119],"Model":[120],"(IMM),":[121],"which":[122],"resolves":[123],"issue":[125],"traditional":[131],"filtering":[133,179],"algorithms.":[134],"Then,":[135],"Wireless":[138],"Insite":[139],"simulation":[140],"software,":[141],"trajectory":[145],"scenario":[150],"is":[151],"modeled.":[152],"Finally,":[153],"show":[156],"that":[157],"IMM-based":[159],"provides":[164],"more":[165],"suppression":[168],"for":[171],"NLOS-induced":[172],"errors":[173],"compared":[174],"single-model":[177],"algorithm,":[180],"leading":[181],"greater":[184],"improvement":[185],"real-time":[187],"accuracy.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}