{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414405162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162286","title":"Towards Enhancing Device Anonymity and Classification Resistance in IoT","display_name":"Towards Enhancing Device Anonymity and Classification Resistance in IoT","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414405162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162286","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063435178","display_name":"Lalith Medury","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lalith Medury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auburn University,Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Auburn,AL,36849"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auburn University,Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Auburn,AL,36849","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119695076","display_name":"Uday Kiran Kothapalli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uday Kiran Kothapalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auburn University,Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Auburn,AL,36849"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auburn University,Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Auburn,AL,36849","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023415370","display_name":"Farah Kandah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5729-8536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farah Kandah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auburn University,Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Auburn,AL,36849"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auburn University,Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Auburn,AL,36849","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27504673,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1426","last_page":"1431"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.6761000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6565999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.5983999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.5917999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profiling","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","score":0.5656999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-analysis","display_name":"Traffic analysis","score":0.5084999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4932999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4140999913215637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.6761000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6565999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.5983999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.5917999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5656999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5181999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781317605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832483","display_name":"Traffic analysis","level":2,"score":0.5084999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4932999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4855000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4140999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169988225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832484","display_name":"Traffic classification","level":3,"score":0.4066999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.36559998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23130292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275358","display_name":"Differential privacy","level":2,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95362637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54366","display_name":"Packet analyzer","level":3,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147224247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q885373","display_name":"Bloom filter","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162286","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204851212","https://openalex.org/W2085959222","https://openalex.org/W2128728535","https://openalex.org/W2295498486","https://openalex.org/W2341128141","https://openalex.org/W2791738704","https://openalex.org/W2885414611","https://openalex.org/W2891796122","https://openalex.org/W2903294440","https://openalex.org/W2905724129","https://openalex.org/W2949524060","https://openalex.org/W2964344666","https://openalex.org/W2990692206","https://openalex.org/W3088886246","https://openalex.org/W3213404563","https://openalex.org/W4232945059","https://openalex.org/W4312987062","https://openalex.org/W4393141564","https://openalex.org/W4395110913","https://openalex.org/W4402352696"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"IoT":[0,65,146,260],"devices":[1,66,126,147,261],"produce":[2],"predictable":[3],"communication":[4,24],"patterns":[5,165],"tied":[6],"to":[7,33,124,141,182,206,221,228],"their":[8,68],"specific":[9],"functionalities,":[10],"such":[11,45,81],"as":[12,82,194],"repetitive":[13],"sequences":[14],"in":[15,93,234,242,265],"packet":[16,174],"lengths,":[17],"protocols,":[18],"and":[19,39,55,67,86,119,127,148,173,215,247,255,262],"port":[20],"usage.":[21],"These":[22],"distinct":[23],"signatures":[25],"enable":[26],"the":[27,62,96,143,163,176,266],"training":[28],"of":[29,64,115,145,166,244,268],"machine":[30,184],"learning":[31,185],"classifiers":[32],"accurately":[34],"identify":[35,125],"devices,":[36],"classify":[37],"events,":[38],"even":[40],"infer":[41],"user":[42,263],"activities.":[43,128],"However,":[44,104],"profiling":[46,122],"techniques":[47,123],"raise":[48],"significant":[49],"privacy":[50,63,144,264],"concerns":[51],"for":[52,258],"both":[53],"users":[54,69,149],"devices.":[56,168],"Existing":[57],"research":[58],"aimed":[59],"at":[60],"protecting":[61],"has":[70],"primarily":[71],"focused":[72],"on":[73],"mitigating":[74],"threats":[75],"posed":[76],"by":[77,157],"external":[78],"adversaries.":[79,152,272],"Techniques":[80],"traffic":[83,88,118,164],"padding,":[84],"shaping,":[85],"cover":[87],"injection":[89],"have":[90],"been":[91],"effective":[92,196],"scenarios":[94],"where":[95],"adversary":[97,113],"can":[98,192],"only":[99],"observe":[100],"encrypted":[101],"WPA":[102,117],"traffic.":[103],"these":[105],"methods":[106],"offer":[107],"limited":[108],"protection":[109],"against":[110,150],"a":[111,136,253],"local":[112,151,271],"capable":[114],"decrypting":[116],"employing":[120],"advanced":[121],"To":[129],"address":[130],"this":[131],"gap,":[132],"we":[133],"propose":[134],"ProTOF,":[135],"protocol-based":[137],"obfuscation":[138],"framework":[139,177],"designed":[140],"enhance":[142],"ProTOF":[153,191,232],"mitigates":[154],"device":[155,201],"identification":[156,202],"crafting":[158],"protocol-specific":[159],"packets":[160,181],"that":[161,190],"mimic":[162],"other":[167],"By":[169],"leveraging":[170],"data":[171],"analysis":[172],"statistics,":[175],"injects":[178],"obfuscated":[179],"network":[180],"confuse":[183],"classifiers.":[186],"Experimental":[187],"results":[188],"demonstrate":[189],"serve":[193],"an":[195],"self-protection":[197],"mechanism,":[198],"significantly":[199],"reducing":[200,235],"accuracy":[203,237],"from":[204],"95%":[205],"31%.":[207],"This":[208,250],"is":[209],"achieved":[210],"without":[211],"introducing":[212],"transmission":[213],"delays":[214],"with":[216],"minimal":[217],"bandwidth":[218,245],"overhead,":[219],"amounting":[220],"just":[222],"12":[223],"MB":[224],"per":[225],"day.":[226],"Compared":[227],"existing":[229],"privacy-preserving":[230],"solutions,":[231],"excels":[233],"classifier":[236],"while":[238],"maintaining":[239],"competitive":[240],"performance":[241],"terms":[243],"overhead":[246],"entropy":[248],"difference.":[249],"makes":[251],"it":[252],"robust":[254],"efficient":[256],"solution":[257],"safeguarding":[259],"face":[267],"increasingly":[269],"sophisticated":[270]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
