{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414406139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162264","title":"Multi-Tier Security Framework for Blockchain-enabled Supply Chain Systems","display_name":"Multi-Tier Security Framework for Blockchain-enabled Supply Chain Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414406139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162264","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops67674.2025.11162264","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119695342","display_name":"Amira Alrewetae","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amira Alrewetae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University,Department of Computer Science,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University,Department of Computer Science,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036704324","display_name":"Gagangeet Singh Aujla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2870-8938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gagangeet Singh Aujla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University,Department of Computer Science,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University,Department of Computer Science,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"542","last_page":"547"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11864","display_name":"Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management","score":0.9124000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9077000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5656999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.5412999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.5153999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.4875999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permission","display_name":"Permission","score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security-model","display_name":"Computer security model","score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-authentication","display_name":"Mutual authentication","score":0.36320000886917114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5917999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5656999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.5412999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.5153999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.4875999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779089604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169333","display_name":"Permission","level":2,"score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121822524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157582","display_name":"Computer security model","level":2,"score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781221063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6944186","display_name":"Mutual authentication","level":3,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178148461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1632136","display_name":"Security controls","level":3,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117110713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394676","display_name":"Network security policy","level":4,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162264","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:3931958","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops67674.2025.11162264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Presentation / Conference Contribution"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:3931958","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops67674.2025.11162264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Presentation / Conference Contribution"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069411844","https://openalex.org/W2945437340","https://openalex.org/W2953100082","https://openalex.org/W2965761488","https://openalex.org/W3031613572","https://openalex.org/W3088273379","https://openalex.org/W3093002665","https://openalex.org/W3135693305","https://openalex.org/W3203235631","https://openalex.org/W4223576746","https://openalex.org/W4377971345","https://openalex.org/W4378839483","https://openalex.org/W4382931355","https://openalex.org/W4390489104","https://openalex.org/W4391696885","https://openalex.org/W4406322016"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,39,46,69,121,145,160,175,182,189],"reliance":[2],"on":[3,87,179],"centralized":[4],"systems,":[5],"modern":[6],"supply":[7,163,192],"chain":[8,164,193],"(SC)":[9],"systems":[10,24,76],"face":[11],"significant":[12],"challenges":[13,73],"in":[14,56,74,220],"ensuring":[15],"integrity,":[16],"confidentiality,":[17],"and":[18,33,51,77,97,135,225],"compliance.":[19],"Blockchain":[20],"can":[21],"transform":[22],"SC":[23,41,58,75,110,124,149,202],"by":[25],"providing":[26],"numerous":[27],"benefits,":[28],"including":[29],"enhanced":[30],"security,":[31],"transparency,":[32],"decentralization.":[34],"However,":[35],"allowing":[36,117],"legitimate":[37],"access":[38,99,161,170],"the":[40,57,79,102,105,109,123,127,130,137,140,148,162,176,201,214,217],"system":[42,111],"becomes":[43],"crucial":[44],"due":[45],"a":[47,63,191],"broader":[48],"attack":[49],"space":[50],"many":[52],"distributed":[53],"stakeholders":[54,106,141,156,177,186],"involved":[55],"ecosystem.":[59],"This":[60],"work":[61],"proposes":[62],"blockchain-based":[64],"multi-tier":[65,196],"security":[66,72,89,197,198],"framework":[67,85,199,219],"designed":[68],"address":[70],"critical":[71],"overcome":[78],"limitations":[80],"of":[81,139,216,222],"existing":[82],"approaches.":[83],"The":[84,151,195,211],"focuses":[86],"three":[88],"areas:":[90],"(a)":[91],"stakeholder":[92],"registration,":[93],"(b)":[94],"mutual":[95,131],"authentication,":[96],"(c)":[98],"control.":[100],"In":[101,126],"first":[103],"tier,":[104,129],"register":[107],"with":[108,147],"securely":[112],"using":[113,206],"Elliptic":[114],"Curve":[115],"Cryptography,":[116],"only":[118,184],"verified":[119],"participants":[120],"join":[122],"system.":[125,150],"second":[128],"authentication":[132],"process":[133],"confirms":[134],"validates":[136],"identities":[138],"whenever":[142],"they":[143],"want":[144],"interact":[146],"third":[152],"tier":[153],"ensures":[154],"that":[155],"must":[157],"have":[158],"permission":[159],"operation.":[165,194],"For":[166],"this":[167],"purpose,":[168],"an":[169,207],"control":[171],"mechanism":[172],"assigns":[173],"permissions":[174],"based":[178],"their":[180],"roles":[181],"ensure":[183],"authorized":[185],"are":[187],"allowed":[188],"perform":[190],"for":[200],"ecosystem":[203],"was":[204],"validated":[205],"Ethereum":[208],"test":[209],"network.":[210],"results":[212],"depict":[213],"effectiveness":[215],"proposed":[218],"terms":[221],"throughput,":[223],"latency":[224],"scalability":[226],"analysis.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
