{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414406181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162226","title":"Multi-Agent DDPG-Based Multipath Routing for Remote Sensing Services in Mega-VLEO Constellations","display_name":"Multi-Agent DDPG-Based Multipath Routing for Remote Sensing Services in Mega-VLEO Constellations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414406181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162226","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012523179","display_name":"Zhe Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5595-7236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767763","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02v9wg343","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4391767763"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4391767763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115602232","display_name":"Hui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5238-8524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767763","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02v9wg343","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4391767763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4391767763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068243522","display_name":"Qiuyan Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8753-6489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767763","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02v9wg343","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4391767763"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuyan Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4391767763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104174698","display_name":"Yuxuan Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767763","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02v9wg343","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4391767763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4391767763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063921362","display_name":"W Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2137-8217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767763","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02v9wg343","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4391767763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenlong Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4391767763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109670459","display_name":"Buzheng Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6507939","display_name":"China United Network Communications Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/028w99c90","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Buzheng Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Unicom Research Institute,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Unicom Research Institute,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436639","display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7750-2197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767763","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02v9wg343","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4391767763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4391767763"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012523179"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4391767763"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35018446,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1513","last_page":"1518"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.9370999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-routing","display_name":"Multipath routing","score":0.8011999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.6355999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.5965999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.3878999948501587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76522221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035396","display_name":"Multipath routing","level":5,"score":0.8011999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7026000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.6355999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.5965999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.42980000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.3878999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779784338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967145","display_name":"Satellite constellation","level":3,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196423136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209671","display_name":"Policy-based routing","level":5,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50558702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535067","display_name":"Geographic routing","level":5,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops67674.2025.11162226","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"an":[1,36],"essential":[2],"component":[3],"of":[4,11],"space-air-ground":[5],"integrated":[6],"networks":[7],"(SAGIN),":[8],"the":[9,44,54,84,87,98,106,114,125,129,140,143,152],"construction":[10],"very":[12],"low":[13],"Earth":[14],"orbit":[15],"(VLEO)":[16],"remote":[17],"sensing":[18],"(RS)":[19],"constellations":[20],"has":[21],"seen":[22],"significant":[23],"breakthroughs":[24],"in":[25],"recent":[26],"years.":[27],"The":[28],"efficient":[29],"multipath":[30,55],"inter-satellite":[31],"routing":[32,82,126],"strategy":[33],"have":[34],"become":[35],"urgent":[37],"requirement":[38],"for":[39,109],"RS":[40],"data":[41],"forwarding.":[42],"However,":[43],"continuously":[45],"expanding":[46],"constellation":[47],"scale":[48],"imposes":[49],"higher":[50],"optimization":[51],"demands":[52],"on":[53,72],"splitting":[56,107],"ratio.":[57],"To":[58],"address":[59],"this":[60,62],"problem,":[61],"paper":[63],"proposes":[64],"a":[65],"Mega-VLEO":[66],"Multipath":[67],"Routing":[68],"(MVMR)":[69],"algorithm":[70,85],"based":[71],"multi-agent":[73],"deep":[74,99],"deterministic":[75,100],"policy":[76,101],"gradient":[77,102],"(MADDPG).":[78],"After":[79],"obtaining":[80],"multiple":[81],"paths,":[83],"estimates":[86],"network":[88],"state":[89,120],"across":[90],"adjacent":[91],"time":[92],"slots,":[93],"with":[94],"different":[95],"agents":[96],"employing":[97],"architecture":[103],"to":[104,122,137],"solve":[105],"ratio":[108],"various":[110],"region":[111],"pairs.":[112],"Throughout":[113],"training":[115],"process,":[116],"MADDPG":[117],"leverages":[118],"global":[119],"updates":[121],"ultimately":[123],"maximize":[124],"performance":[127],"over":[128],"entire":[130],"cycle.":[131],"Simulation":[132],"results":[133],"demonstrate":[134],"that,":[135],"compared":[136],"water-filling":[138],"algorithms,":[139],"MVMR":[141],"improves":[142],"average":[144],"service":[145,153],"delay":[146],"by":[147,156],"approximately":[148],"14.68%":[149],"and":[150],"increases":[151],"completion":[154],"rate":[155],"5.6%.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
