{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401509652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops59551.2024.10615723","title":"Towards Sustainable SecureML: Quantifying Carbon Footprint of Adversarial Machine Learning","display_name":"Towards Sustainable SecureML: Quantifying Carbon Footprint of Adversarial Machine Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401509652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops59551.2024.10615723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops59551.2024.10615723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops59551.2024.10615723","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104326736","display_name":"Syed Mhamudul Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7414-9103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syed Mhamudul Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Southern Illinois University,Carbondale,IL,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Southern Illinois University,Carbondale,IL,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035192689","display_name":"Abdur R. Shahid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-8907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdur R. Shahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Southern Illinois University,Carbondale,IL,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Southern Illinois University,Carbondale,IL,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077711449","display_name":"Ahmed Imteaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6975-3997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Imteaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Southern Illinois University,Carbondale,IL,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Southern Illinois University,Carbondale,IL,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104326736"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9391,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92062089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1359","last_page":"1364"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.942300021648407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9143000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-footprint","display_name":"Carbon footprint","score":0.8395264148712158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/footprint","display_name":"Footprint","score":0.7786706686019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.649044394493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6066620945930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5223621129989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4344162940979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10430359840393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08932670950889587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.06792518496513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","score":0.051148563623428345}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780936489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310667","display_name":"Carbon footprint","level":3,"score":0.8395264148712158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.7786706686019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.649044394493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6066620945930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5223621129989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4344162940979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10430359840393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08932670950889587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.06792518496513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.051148563623428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops59551.2024.10615723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops59551.2024.10615723","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2640329709","https://openalex.org/W2963809228","https://openalex.org/W2964253222","https://openalex.org/W2983044655","https://openalex.org/W3089575566","https://openalex.org/W3099049750","https://openalex.org/W3205623521","https://openalex.org/W4281786142","https://openalex.org/W4283157527","https://openalex.org/W4287204036","https://openalex.org/W4310492983","https://openalex.org/W4319341347","https://openalex.org/W4321277297","https://openalex.org/W4379743664","https://openalex.org/W4380769213","https://openalex.org/W4382467365","https://openalex.org/W4383754164","https://openalex.org/W4384080833","https://openalex.org/W4385187849","https://openalex.org/W4387546320","https://openalex.org/W6744494113","https://openalex.org/W6752654261","https://openalex.org/W6803154024","https://openalex.org/W6845441860","https://openalex.org/W6850165877"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3104369155","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2162390224","https://openalex.org/W4389988448","https://openalex.org/W4320030328","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W2031734160","https://openalex.org/W2238629651","https://openalex.org/W4366179056","https://openalex.org/W2883844485"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"widespread":[1],"adoption":[2],"of":[3,109],"machine":[4],"learning":[5],"(ML)":[6],"across":[7],"various":[8],"industries":[9],"has":[10],"raised":[11],"sustainability":[12],"concerns":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,79,86,112],"its":[16],"substantial":[17],"energy":[18],"usage":[19],"and":[20,51,135],"carbon":[21,70,110,136],"emissions.":[22,81,137],"This":[23,98],"issue":[24],"becomes":[25],"more":[26],"pressing":[27],"in":[28,43,114],"adversarial":[29,68,115],"ML,":[30],"which":[31],"focuses":[32],"on":[33],"enhancing":[34],"model":[35,77],"security":[36,53],"against":[37,132],"different":[38],"network-based":[39],"attacks.":[40],"Implementing":[41],"defenses":[42],"ML":[44],"systems":[45],"often":[46],"necessitates":[47],"additional":[48],"computational":[49],"resources":[50],"network":[52],"measures,":[54],"exacer-bating":[55],"their":[56],"environmental":[57],"impacts.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60,88],"paper,":[61],"we":[62,90],"pioneer":[63],"the":[64,83,92,107,119,128],"first":[65],"investigation":[66],"into":[67],"ML's":[69],"footprint,":[71],"providing":[72],"empirical":[73],"evidence":[74],"connecting":[75],"greater":[76],"robustness":[78,131],"higher":[80],"Addressing":[82],"critical":[84],"need":[85],"quantify":[87],"trade-off,":[89],"introduce":[91],"Robustness":[93],"Carbon":[94],"Trade-off":[95],"Index":[96],"(RCTI).":[97],"novel":[99],"metric,":[100],"inspired":[101],"by":[102],"economic":[103],"elasticity":[104],"principles,":[105],"captures":[106],"sensitivity":[108],"emissions":[111],"changes":[113],"robustness.":[116],"We":[117],"demonstrate":[118],"RCTI":[120],"through":[121],"an":[122],"experiment":[123],"involving":[124],"evasion":[125],"attacks,":[126,133],"analyzing":[127],"interplay":[129],"between":[130],"performance,":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
