{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401509252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops59551.2024.10615464","title":"A Methodology and Testbed to Develop an Energy Model for 5G Virtualized RANs","display_name":"A Methodology and Testbed to Develop an Energy Model for 5G Virtualized RANs","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401509252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops59551.2024.10615464"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops59551.2024.10615464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops59551.2024.10615464","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106462274","display_name":"Sofia Martins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sofia Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075956532","display_name":"Ana Aguiar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-8087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Aguiar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089056623","display_name":"Peter Steenkiste","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7079-8212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Steenkiste","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106462274"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.751,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72111457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"982","last_page":"987"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.9457248449325562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reynolds-averaged-navier\u2013stokes-equations","display_name":"Reynolds-averaged Navier\u2013Stokes equations","score":0.7666081190109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6854841113090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.43005454540252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20642563700675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.17706423997879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1648363173007965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-fluid-dynamics","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","score":0.1152464747428894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.9457248449325562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32526432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536235","display_name":"Reynolds-averaged Navier\u2013Stokes equations","level":3,"score":0.7666081190109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6854841113090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.43005454540252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20642563700675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.17706423997879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1648363173007965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.1152464747428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops59551.2024.10615464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops59551.2024.10615464","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337197","display_name":"Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Supply Chain","ror":"https://ror.org/05tj7dm33"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025979739","https://openalex.org/W2036895660","https://openalex.org/W2039089261","https://openalex.org/W2060947387","https://openalex.org/W2064969374","https://openalex.org/W2092475564","https://openalex.org/W2538040640","https://openalex.org/W2593489945","https://openalex.org/W2963257877","https://openalex.org/W3103150232","https://openalex.org/W3127404227","https://openalex.org/W3189693726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2106140982","https://openalex.org/W2152313554","https://openalex.org/W2064303750","https://openalex.org/W1509300825","https://openalex.org/W3092582874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtualized":[0],"Radio":[1],"Access":[2],"Networks":[3],"are":[4],"a":[5,37,68,110],"promising":[6],"solution":[7],"to":[8,21,41,135],"reduce":[9],"the":[10,17,51,76,92,121,128],"energy":[11,27,44,52,79,115,137],"consumption":[12,53,80,116],"of":[13,54,78,123,130],"5G":[14],"networks.":[15],"However,":[16],"shift":[18],"from":[19],"traditional":[20],"virtualized":[22],"RANs":[23,30],"has":[24],"rendered":[25],"existing":[26],"models":[28],"for":[29,46,112],"obsolete.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33,105],"paper,":[34],"we":[35],"present":[36],"methodology":[38,49,106],"and":[39,63,127],"testbed":[40],"develop":[42],"an":[43,114],"model":[45,117],"vRANs.":[47],"Our":[48,70],"estimates":[50],"Baseband":[55],"Unit":[56],"functions":[57],"based":[58],"on":[59,67],"performance":[60],"monitoring":[61],"counters":[62],"utilization":[64],"metrics":[65],"collected":[66],"testbed.":[69],"experimental":[71,90],"results":[72,85],"offer":[73],"insights":[74],"into":[75],"distribution":[77],"across":[81],"RAN":[82,132],"functions.":[83],"These":[84],"suggest":[86],"that,":[87],"under":[88],"our":[89],"conditions,":[91],"physical":[93],"layer":[94],"is":[95],"considerably":[96],"more":[97],"energy-intensive":[98],"than":[99],"other":[100],"layers.":[101],"We":[102],"believe":[103],"that":[104,118],"can":[107],"serve":[108],"as":[109],"foundation":[111],"constructing":[113],"will":[119],"facilitate":[120],"development":[122],"energy-aware":[124],"load":[125],"balancers":[126],"selection":[129],"energyefficient":[131],"deployments,":[133],"leading":[134],"significant":[136],"savings.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
