{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387869963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops57953.2023.10283605","title":"Robust Beamfocusing for FDA-Aided Near-Field Covert Communications with Uncertain Location","display_name":"Robust Beamfocusing for FDA-Aided Near-Field Covert Communications with Uncertain Location","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387869963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops57953.2023.10283605"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops57953.2023.10283605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops57953.2023.10283605","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424312","display_name":"Yuchen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-4000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,National Key laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications,Chengdu,China,611731"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,National Key laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications,Chengdu,China,611731","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444208","display_name":"Yichi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3001-7384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,National Key laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications,Chengdu,China,611731"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,National Key laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications,Chengdu,China,611731","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100643698","display_name":"Jianquan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3904-2817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianquan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,National Key laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications,Chengdu,China,611731"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,National Key laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications,Chengdu,China,611731","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057602175","display_name":"Sa Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9044-274X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sa Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,National Key laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications,Chengdu,China,611731"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,National Key laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications,Chengdu,China,611731","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042930332","display_name":"Wanli Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0436-2685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanli Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China,100876"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing,China,100876","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030002011","display_name":"Wanbin Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-9907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanbin Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,National Key laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications,Chengdu,China,611731"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,National Key laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications,Chengdu,China,611731","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100424312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0437,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95745621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1349","last_page":"1354"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6318345665931702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5591515898704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.5358181595802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4920198619365692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.4570891559123993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.45066654682159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semidefinite-programming","display_name":"Semidefinite programming","score":0.4410955011844635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.431537389755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.41509610414505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33520400524139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.28500667214393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25484782457351685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6318345665931702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5591515898704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.5358181595802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4920198619365692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.4570891559123993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45066654682159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101901036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2269096","display_name":"Semidefinite programming","level":2,"score":0.4410955011844635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.431537389755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.41509610414505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33520400524139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.28500667214393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25484782457351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops57953.2023.10283605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops57953.2023.10283605","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6217791887","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001094,U19B2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137390859","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2050968963","https://openalex.org/W2062608344","https://openalex.org/W2084796966","https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2169382686","https://openalex.org/W3003392456","https://openalex.org/W3104101844","https://openalex.org/W3123708127","https://openalex.org/W3132252774","https://openalex.org/W3135239326","https://openalex.org/W3157007851","https://openalex.org/W3164550829","https://openalex.org/W3197783623","https://openalex.org/W3206417983","https://openalex.org/W3206876859","https://openalex.org/W4226244857","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4281570023","https://openalex.org/W4315777607"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2523525694","https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W2998642566","https://openalex.org/W2392682561","https://openalex.org/W4312206320","https://openalex.org/W4384575246","https://openalex.org/W2160052563","https://openalex.org/W2115832833","https://openalex.org/W2803118069","https://openalex.org/W2126408684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,22],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,29,58,96],"study":[4],"the":[5,26,37,46,53,62,76,82,86,91,111,121,124,136,141],"robust":[6],"beamfocusing":[7,39,127],"design":[8],"in":[9,140],"a":[10,31,68,99,130],"frequency":[11,43,113],"diverse":[12],"array":[13],"(FDA)-aided":[14],"near-field":[15,143],"communication":[16,144],"system":[17],"with":[18,81],"uncertain":[19],"user":[20],"location.":[21],"order":[23],"to":[24,60,98,109,120],"maximize":[25],"covert":[27,87,137],"rate,":[28],"formulated":[30],"non-convex":[32,101],"problem":[33,66],"by":[34,51,75,89],"jointly":[35],"optimizing":[36],"transmit":[38,49],"vector":[40],"and":[41,93],"FDA-specific":[42],"increments.":[44,114],"For":[45],"subproblem":[47],"of":[48,55,84],"beamfocusing,":[50],"leveraging":[52],"method":[54],"convex":[56],"hull,":[57],"manage":[59],"transform":[61],"original":[63],"semi-infinite":[64],"programming":[65],"into":[67],"semi-definite":[69,77],"one":[70],"which":[71,134],"is":[72],"efficiently":[73],"solved":[74],"relaxation":[78],"method.":[79],"Furthermore,":[80],"aim":[83],"improving":[85],"rate":[88,138],"decorrelating":[90],"communications":[92],"detection":[94],"channels,":[95],"resort":[97],"multi-variable":[100],"optimization":[102],"framework,":[103],"named":[104],"block":[105],"successive":[106],"upper-bound":[107],"minimization,":[108],"find":[110],"efficient":[112],"Numerical":[115],"results":[116],"show":[117],"that,":[118],"compared":[119],"phased-array":[122],"counterpart,":[123],"proposed":[125],"FDA-based":[126],"scheme":[128],"generates":[129],"more":[131],"focused":[132],"beampattern,":[133],"boosts":[135],"significantly":[139],"FDA-aided":[142],"system.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
