{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285025261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops53468.2022.9814683","title":"Beam Selection in Angle Diversity MIMO Systems for Optical Wireless Systems","display_name":"Beam Selection in Angle Diversity MIMO Systems for Optical Wireless Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285025261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops53468.2022.9814683"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops53468.2022.9814683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops53468.2022.9814683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608034","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/81967/1/Sperga_etal_IEEE_ICC_2022_Beam_selection_in_angle_diversity_MIMO_systems_for_optical.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006392180","display_name":"Janis Sperga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Janis Sperga","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Strathclyde,Department of Electronic &#x0026; Electrical Engineering,Glasgow,U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde,Department of Electronic &#x0026; Electrical Engineering,Glasgow,U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077488611","display_name":"Rui Bian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-1725"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["pureLiFi Ltd,Edinburgh,U.K","pureLiFi Ltd, Edinburgh, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"pureLiFi Ltd,Edinburgh,U.K","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"pureLiFi Ltd, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074320996","display_name":"Harald Haas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9705-2701"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harald Haas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Strathclyde,LiFi Research and Development Centre,Glasgow,U.K","LiFi Research and Development Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde,LiFi Research and Development Centre,Glasgow,U.K","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LiFi Research and Development Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006392180"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06277544,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":null,"first_page":"445","last_page":"450"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6160483360290527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5896704196929932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5811719298362732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.525386393070221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.4921776354312897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.47130975127220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.45568370819091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.45474573969841003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-gain","display_name":"Diversity gain","score":0.4521307647228241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4447234869003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4330877661705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.38492321968078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.36017581820487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2891848385334015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2771001160144806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.20170554518699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1835358738899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1415078043937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.14115381240844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13394132256507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1128670871257782}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6160483360290527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5896704196929932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5811719298362732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.525386393070221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.4921776354312897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.47130975127220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.45568370819091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.45474573969841003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164785522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283966","display_name":"Diversity gain","level":4,"score":0.4521307647228241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4447234869003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4330877661705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.38492321968078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.36017581820487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2891848385334015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2771001160144806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20170554518699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1835358738899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1415078043937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.14115381240844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13394132256507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1128670871257782}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops53468.2022.9814683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops53468.2022.9814683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608034","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:81967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/1318672.html>","pdf_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/81967/1/Sperga_etal_IEEE_ICC_2022_Beam_selection_in_angle_diversity_MIMO_systems_for_optical.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:81967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/1318672.html>","pdf_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/81967/1/Sperga_etal_IEEE_ICC_2022_Beam_selection_in_angle_diversity_MIMO_systems_for_optical.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3345895242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4617449541","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R007101/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7677903938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"814215","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8503313810","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R007101/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285025261.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285025261.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055548259","https://openalex.org/W2082585693","https://openalex.org/W2105935781","https://openalex.org/W2126734312","https://openalex.org/W2130509920","https://openalex.org/W2142732112","https://openalex.org/W2149527114","https://openalex.org/W2294612870","https://openalex.org/W2539364934","https://openalex.org/W2891113010","https://openalex.org/W2917727671","https://openalex.org/W3010774156","https://openalex.org/W3043861061","https://openalex.org/W3124606889","https://openalex.org/W4235364725","https://openalex.org/W4256217385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2501797479","https://openalex.org/W2997630107","https://openalex.org/W3109516991","https://openalex.org/W2137628250","https://openalex.org/W2602252168","https://openalex.org/W2130715019","https://openalex.org/W2108756703","https://openalex.org/W2032682113","https://openalex.org/W2123600176","https://openalex.org/W2156744995"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Energy":[0],"efficiency":[1,17,68,95],"is":[2,21,29,38,183,200,216,258],"one":[3,251],"of":[4,8,156,204,264,272],"the":[5,45,101,114,121,126,154,213,233,250,270],"main":[6],"benchmarks":[7],"performance":[9,103,155,199],"in":[10,18,113,167,202,276],"visible":[11],"light":[12,57],"communication.":[13],"Achieving":[14],"high":[15,26,66,77,93],"energy":[16,94],"a":[19,22,82,89,132,137,161,176,219,239],"link":[20],"challenging":[23],"task":[24],"when":[25],"data":[27,97,206],"throughput":[28,98],"required.":[30],"A":[31,51,208],"promising":[32,90],"approach":[33],"to":[34,125,218,261],"tackling":[35],"this":[36,174],"challenge":[37],"using":[39],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[40],"(MIMO)":[41],"systems,":[42],"which":[43,116],"use":[44,134,149,271],"spatial":[46],"domain":[47],"for":[48,92,146,181,231],"information":[49],"encoding.":[50],"novel":[52],"modulation":[53],"scheme":[54],"called":[55],"Flexible":[56],"emitting":[58],"diode":[59],"(LED)":[60],"index":[61],"keying":[62],"(FLIK)":[63],"can":[64,117],"harness":[65],"spectral":[67,78],"by":[69],"utilising":[70],"active":[71],"and":[72,96,129,141,193,235],"inactive":[73],"LED":[74],"states.":[75],"The":[76,185,198,226],"efficiency,":[79],"together":[80],"with":[81,120],"straightforward":[83],"encoding,":[84],"makes":[85],"FLIK":[86,106,182],"based":[87,104,159,211,221,242,252],"design":[88],"candidate":[91],"solutions.":[99],"However,":[100],"system's":[102],"on":[105,109,160,212,222,243,253],"depends":[107],"heavily":[108],"beam":[110,139,157,240,265],"selection":[111,140,142,158,209,241],"participating":[112],"link,":[115],"significantly":[118],"vary":[119],"channel":[122],"conditions":[123],"subject":[124],"user's":[127],"position":[128],"orientation.":[130],"In":[131,173],"dynamic":[133],"case":[135],"scenario,":[136],"fast":[138],"re-adjustment":[143],"are":[144,187],"vital":[145],"an":[147],"optimal":[148],"case.":[150],"This":[151,256],"study":[152],"examines":[153],"maximal":[162,191,194,214,244,273],"signal-to-noise":[163],"ratio":[164],"(SNR)":[165],"criterion":[166],"angle":[168],"diversity":[169],"hemispherical":[170],"transceiver":[171],"systems.":[172,278],"paper,":[175],"random":[177,236],"orientation":[178,237],"system":[179],"model":[180],"considered.":[184],"simulations":[186],"then":[188],"performed":[189],"considering":[190],"SNR":[192,245,274],"Euclidean":[195,224,254],"distance":[196],"criteria.":[197],"evaluated":[201],"terms":[203],"achievable":[205],"throughput.":[207],"method,":[210],"SNR,":[215],"compared":[217],"method":[220],"maximising":[223],"distance.":[225,255],"numerical":[227],"results":[228],"show":[229],"that":[230],"both":[232],"fixed":[234],"cases,":[238],"performs":[246],"as":[247,249],"well":[248],"observation":[257],"valid":[259],"up":[260],"25":[262],"degrees":[263],"half-intensity":[266],"angle,":[267],"therefore,":[268],"validating":[269],"condition":[275],"such":[277]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
