{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3166495092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops53468.2022.9814501","title":"SNR Scaling Laws for Radio Sensing with Extremely Large-Scale MIMO","display_name":"SNR Scaling Laws for Radio Sensing with Extremely Large-Scale MIMO","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3166495092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops53468.2022.9814501","mag":"3166495092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops53468.2022.9814501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops53468.2022.9814501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608034","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088601580","display_name":"Huizhi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6998-1896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huizhi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory,Nanjing,China,210096"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory,Nanjing,China,210096","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082336235","display_name":"Yong Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3670-0434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purple Mountain Laboratories,Nanjing,China,211111"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories,Nanjing,China,211111","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.233,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97201493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"121","last_page":"126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6456179618835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5466769337654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5406842231750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5396004915237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.46642714738845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39871323108673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.32730957865715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27459487318992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.15667840838432312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10512703657150269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6456179618835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5466769337654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5406842231750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5396004915237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.46642714738845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39871323108673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.32730957865715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27459487318992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.15667840838432312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10512703657150269}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops53468.2022.9814501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops53468.2022.9814501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608034","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65255600","https://openalex.org/W2018744547","https://openalex.org/W2117967849","https://openalex.org/W2129766733","https://openalex.org/W2132506160","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2179866432","https://openalex.org/W2588854657","https://openalex.org/W2761626116","https://openalex.org/W2895542254","https://openalex.org/W2964202652","https://openalex.org/W2972579901","https://openalex.org/W2975158636","https://openalex.org/W3006557588","https://openalex.org/W3033084931","https://openalex.org/W3047736659","https://openalex.org/W3099769502","https://openalex.org/W3110989801","https://openalex.org/W3129730878","https://openalex.org/W3134164132","https://openalex.org/W3157861652","https://openalex.org/W3158413375","https://openalex.org/W3192219671","https://openalex.org/W3200820186","https://openalex.org/W3209253255","https://openalex.org/W3213070675","https://openalex.org/W4225856095","https://openalex.org/W6787466503","https://openalex.org/W6794340026"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2979111876","https://openalex.org/W4306152236","https://openalex.org/W1969639234","https://openalex.org/W2143818732","https://openalex.org/W2099634618","https://openalex.org/W2007092864","https://openalex.org/W2385501957","https://openalex.org/W2376764577","https://openalex.org/W2020955201","https://openalex.org/W2369024485"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"communication":[1],"networks":[2],"were":[3],"designed":[4],"to":[5,15,57],"mainly":[6],"support":[7],"ubiquitous":[8],"wireless":[9],"communications,":[10],"yet":[11],"they":[12],"are":[13,108,172],"expected":[14],"also":[16,58],"achieve":[17],"radio":[18],"sensing":[19,30,72,104],"capabilities":[20],"in":[21],"the":[22,54,62,103,124,129,160,181,200,207,214,225],"near":[23],"future.":[24],"Most":[25],"prior":[26],"studies":[27,70],"on":[28,32,38],"radar":[29,71,113,116,141,176,220],"focus":[31],"distant":[33],"targets,":[34,61],"which":[35],"usually":[36],"rely":[37],"far-field":[39,63],"assumption":[40,64],"with":[41,48,53,73,135,143,151,177,184,192,232],"uniform":[42],"plane":[43],"wave":[44],"(UPW)":[45],"models.":[46],"However,":[47],"ever-increasing":[49],"antenna":[50,77,164],"size,":[51],"together":[52],"growing":[55],"need":[56],"sense":[59],"nearby":[60],"may":[65],"become":[66],"invalid.":[67],"This":[68],"paper":[69],"extremely":[74],"large-scale":[75],"(XL)":[76],"arrays,":[78],"where":[79,128],"a":[80],"generic":[81],"model":[82,127],"that":[83,121],"takes":[84],"into":[85],"account":[86],"both":[87,111],"spherical":[88],"wavefront":[89],"and":[90,114,133,142,155,162,188,202,229],"amplitude":[91],"variations":[92],"across":[93],"array":[94],"elements":[95],"is":[96,221],"developed.":[97],"Furthermore,":[98],"new":[99,197],"closed-form":[100],"expressions":[101],"of":[102],"signal-to-noise":[105],"ratios":[106],"(SNRs)":[107],"derived":[109],"for":[110,139,148,210,223],"XL-MIMO":[112,211],"XL-phased-array":[115,175,219],"modes.":[117],"Our":[118],"results":[119],"reveal":[120],"different":[122],"from":[123],"conventional":[125],"UPW":[126],"SNR":[130,169,182,216,226],"scales":[131],"linearly":[132],"unboundedly":[134],"<tex":[136,144,152,156,185,189],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[137,145,153,157,186,190],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$N$</tex>":[138,158,191],"MIMO":[140],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$M$</tex>":[146,154,187],"N":[147],"phased-array":[149],"radar,":[150,212],"being":[159],"transmit":[161,201],"receive":[163,203],"numbers,":[165],"respectively,":[166],"more":[167],"practical":[168],"scaling":[170,217],"laws":[171],"obtained.":[173],"For":[174],"optimal":[178],"power":[179],"allocation,":[180],"increases":[183,228],"diminishing":[193],"returns,":[194],"governed":[195],"by":[196],"parameters":[198],"called":[199],"angular":[204],"spans.":[205],"On":[206],"other":[208],"hand,":[209],"while":[213],"same":[215],"as":[218],"obeyed":[222],"N,":[224],"first":[227],"then":[230],"decreases":[231],"M.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}