{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016474725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops49005.2020.9145081","title":"Coverage Analysis for 3D Terahertz Communication Systems with Blockage and Directional Antennas","display_name":"Coverage Analysis for 3D Terahertz Communication Systems with Blockage and Directional Antennas","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016474725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops49005.2020.9145081","mag":"3016474725"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops49005.2020.9145081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops49005.2020.9145081","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07466","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076236675","display_name":"Akram Shafie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5561-8209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akram Shafie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100680993","display_name":"Nan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-5289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041007168","display_name":"Zhuo Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3333-722X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013548437","display_name":"Salman Durrani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7124-282X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salman Durrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0871,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37962161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directivity","display_name":"Directivity","score":0.8041732311248779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.6591763496398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.624293327331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.583325982093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5557387471199036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.5535118579864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5386658906936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coverage-probability","display_name":"Coverage probability","score":0.4647388458251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-band","display_name":"Frequency band","score":0.4646467864513397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.45793911814689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.45477980375289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.45182132720947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.43774229288101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4321981966495514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.42800575494766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.41246822476387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.26357924938201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.18593376874923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17926660180091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11708241701126099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189039984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8225412","display_name":"Directivity","level":3,"score":0.8041732311248779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.6591763496398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.624293327331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.583325982093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5557387471199036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.5535118579864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5386658906936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776292839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179217","display_name":"Coverage probability","level":3,"score":0.4647388458251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778116611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110567","display_name":"Frequency band","level":3,"score":0.4646467864513397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.45793911814689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.45477980375289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.45182132720947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.43774229288101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4321981966495514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42800575494766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.41246822476387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26357924938201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.18593376874923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17926660180091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11708241701126099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccworkshops49005.2020.9145081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccworkshops49005.2020.9145081","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.07466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.07466","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07466","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au:1885/311644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1885/311644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402539","display_name":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","host_organization_name":"Australian National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, ICC Workshops 2020","raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2004.07466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2004.07466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:3016474725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.07466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.07466","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07466","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3016474725.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3016474725.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034667789","https://openalex.org/W2123715210","https://openalex.org/W2125290396","https://openalex.org/W2145873277","https://openalex.org/W2151792936","https://openalex.org/W2579242936","https://openalex.org/W2596172352","https://openalex.org/W2605069299","https://openalex.org/W2783762056","https://openalex.org/W2808128011","https://openalex.org/W2906041196","https://openalex.org/W2917763140","https://openalex.org/W2963981002"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3156084469","https://openalex.org/W3010822970","https://openalex.org/W2958555180","https://openalex.org/W2857839932","https://openalex.org/W1499798684","https://openalex.org/W2613624348","https://openalex.org/W2963655829","https://openalex.org/W3043579057","https://openalex.org/W3089443838","https://openalex.org/W2952424632","https://openalex.org/W2068542251","https://openalex.org/W3104214983","https://openalex.org/W2904759569","https://openalex.org/W2157905979","https://openalex.org/W1997851964","https://openalex.org/W1819579171","https://openalex.org/W2398134287","https://openalex.org/W2183267314","https://openalex.org/W2963862497","https://openalex.org/W2943817784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"scarcity":[1],"of":[2,57,126,132,140,149,187],"spectrum":[3],"resources":[4],"in":[5,15,31,60,129,190],"current":[6],"wireless":[7],"communication":[8,62],"systems":[9,63],"has":[10],"sparked":[11],"enormous":[12],"research":[13],"interest":[14,188],"the":[16,54,78,115,121,124,130,133,137,147,155,161,168,180,184,196,203,215],"terahertz":[17],"(THz)":[18],"frequency":[19],"band.":[20],"This":[21],"band":[22],"is":[23,189,208],"characterized":[24],"by":[25,102,201,213],"fundamentally":[26],"different":[27,32,177],"propagation":[28,74],"properties":[29],"resulting":[30],"interference":[33,94,135],"structures":[34],"from":[35,95],"what":[36],"we":[37,48,70,106],"have":[38],"observed":[39],"so":[40],"far":[41],"at":[42,85,206,218],"lower":[43],"frequencies.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46],"paper,":[47],"derive":[49],"a":[50,65,72,108],"new":[51],"expression":[52],"for":[53],"coverage":[55,122,156,181,197],"probability":[56,157],"downlink":[58],"transmission":[59,162],"THz":[61,141],"within":[64],"three-dimensional":[66],"(3D)":[67],"environment.":[68],"First,":[69],"establish":[71],"3D":[73,82],"model":[75],"which":[76,127],"considers":[77],"molecular":[79],"absorption":[80],"loss,":[81],"directional":[83],"antennas":[84],"both":[86],"access":[87],"points":[88],"(APs)":[89],"and":[90,98,136,152,172],"user":[91],"equipments":[92],"(UEs),":[93],"nearby":[96],"APs,":[97],"dynamic":[99],"blockages":[100],"caused":[101],"moving":[103],"humans.":[104],"Then,":[105],"develop":[107],"novel":[109],"easy-to-use":[110],"analytical":[111],"framework":[112],"based":[113],"on":[114,179],"dominant":[116],"interferer":[117],"analysis":[118,151],"to":[119],"evaluate":[120],"probability,":[123],"novelty":[125],"lies":[128],"incorporation":[131],"instantaneous":[134],"vertical":[138],"height":[139],"devices.":[142],"Our":[143],"numerical":[144],"results":[145],"demonstrate":[146],"accuracy":[148],"our":[150],"reveal":[153],"that":[154,195,211],"significantly":[158],"decreases":[159],"when":[160,183],"distance":[163],"increases.":[164],"We":[165,192],"also":[166],"show":[167,194],"increasing":[169,173,202,214],"blocker":[170],"density":[171,175],"AP":[174],"impose":[176],"impacts":[178],"performance":[182,198],"UE-AP":[185],"link":[186],"line-of-sight.":[191],"further":[193],"improvement":[199],"brought":[200,212],"antenna":[204,216],"directivity":[205,217],"APs":[207],"higher":[209],"than":[210],"UEs.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}