{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2962353238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2019.8757069","title":"SmartChain: A Smart and Scalable Blockchain Consortium for Smart Grid Systems","display_name":"SmartChain: A Smart and Scalable Blockchain Consortium for Smart Grid Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2962353238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2019.8757069","mag":"2962353238"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccw.2019.8757069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2019.8757069","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1139495","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027275085","display_name":"Gaurang Bansal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-0941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74796645","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","ror":"https://ror.org/001p3jz28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaurang Bansal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of CSIS, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSIS, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042685878","display_name":"Amit Dua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3190-389X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101407740","display_name":"Chandigarh University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t4pvx35","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101407740"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Dua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science & Engineering Department, Chandigarh University, Mohali (Punjab), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Engineering Department, Chandigarh University, Mohali (Punjab), India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101407740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036704324","display_name":"Gagangeet Singh Aujla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2870-8938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101407740","display_name":"Chandigarh University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t4pvx35","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101407740"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gagangeet Singh Aujla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science & Engineering Department, Chandigarh University, Mohali (Punjab), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Engineering Department, Chandigarh University, Mohali (Punjab), India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101407740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074110022","display_name":"Maninderpal Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4283-8904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101407740","display_name":"Chandigarh University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t4pvx35","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101407740"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maninderpal Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science & Engineering Department, Chandigarh University, Mohali (Punjab), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Engineering Department, Chandigarh University, Mohali (Punjab), India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101407740"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409306","display_name":"Neeraj Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-3947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neeraj Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala (Punjab), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala (Punjab), India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9591000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8764454126358032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8047326803207397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7195849418640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.716762363910675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7052552103996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6874300241470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5604382753372192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.554004430770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-to-peer","display_name":"Peer-to-peer","score":0.5267600417137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trusted-third-party","display_name":"Trusted third party","score":0.4906567633152008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.47322002053260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46816134452819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2079564332962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.12911143898963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08414894342422485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0832347571849823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07708543539047241}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8764454126358032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8047326803207397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7195849418640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.716762363910675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7052552103996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6874300241470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5604382753372192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.554004430770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534932454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161410","display_name":"Peer-to-peer","level":2,"score":0.5267600417137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139089976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142273","display_name":"Trusted third party","level":2,"score":0.4906567633152008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.47322002053260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46816134452819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2079564332962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.12911143898963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08414894342422485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0832347571849823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07708543539047241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccw.2019.8757069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2019.8757069","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1139495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1139495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Presentation / Conference Contribution"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1139495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1139495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Presentation / Conference Contribution"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081951817","https://openalex.org/W2280325016","https://openalex.org/W2338676105","https://openalex.org/W2512604976","https://openalex.org/W2531399364","https://openalex.org/W2611626082","https://openalex.org/W2626609413","https://openalex.org/W2738925815","https://openalex.org/W2764299998","https://openalex.org/W2766555291","https://openalex.org/W2782004535","https://openalex.org/W2785346526","https://openalex.org/W2808808846","https://openalex.org/W2810593442","https://openalex.org/W2912326896","https://openalex.org/W6739453425"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206573979","https://openalex.org/W2067938758","https://openalex.org/W3030363216","https://openalex.org/W2087937280","https://openalex.org/W2364921833","https://openalex.org/W4368366873","https://openalex.org/W2361361118","https://openalex.org/W2584022297","https://openalex.org/W4380030041","https://openalex.org/W2962353238"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"grid":[1],"(SG)":[2],"provides":[3,67],"a":[4,41,52,140],"peer-to-peer":[5,159],"energy":[6,17,36,160],"trading":[7,37,161],"mechanism":[8,57],"wherein":[9],"the":[10,22,28,35,59,75,87,108,114,117,123,171,183,190],"electric":[11],"vehicles":[12],"(EVs)":[13],"can":[14,50],"trade":[15],"for":[16,33,43,71,157],"with":[18,100],"their":[19],"peers":[20],"using":[21,170],"information":[23],"and":[24,54,144,176],"communication":[25],"technologies.":[26],"However,":[27],"dependence":[29],"on":[30,122],"third":[31,63],"party":[32],"coordinating":[34],"decisions":[38],"leads":[39],"to":[40,96,106,112,130,189],"bottleneck":[42],"any":[44,120],"distributed":[45],"environment.":[46],"Therefore,":[47,135],"blockchain":[48,66,89,141,192],"technology":[49],"provide":[51],"privacy-preserving":[53],"effective":[55],"consensus":[56],"without":[58],"control":[60],"of":[61,80,133,185],"trusted":[62],"party.":[64],"Although":[65],"inherent":[68],"secure":[69,158],"framework":[70,147,167],"transactional":[72],"process,":[73],"but":[74],"this":[76,137],"security":[77],"is":[78,155,168],"because":[79],"computational":[81,98,110,153],"complexity":[82,154],"enforced.":[83],"In":[84],"SG":[85,163],"environment,":[86],"conventional":[88,191],"process":[90],"could":[91],"not":[92,150],"be":[93],"employed":[94],"due":[95],"limited":[97],"resources":[99],"EVs,":[101],"which":[102,148],"makes":[103,126],"it":[104,127],"difficult":[105],"solve":[107],"tough":[109],"puzzles":[111],"validate":[113],"transactions.":[115],"On":[116],"other":[118],"hand,":[119],"compromise":[121],"computation":[124],"difficulty":[125],"more":[128],"vulnerable":[129],"various":[131],"types":[132],"attacks.":[134],"in":[136,162,187],"paper,":[138],"SmartChain:":[139],"inspired":[142],"smart":[143],"scalable":[145],"ledger":[146],"does":[149],"require":[151],"much":[152],"designed":[156],"ecosystem.":[164],"The":[165,179],"proposed":[166],"evaluated":[169],"parameters":[172],"such":[173],"as":[174],"execution":[175],"validation":[177],"time.":[178],"results":[180],"obtained":[181],"depict":[182],"superiority":[184],"SmartChain":[186],"contrast":[188],"process.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}