{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2960751357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2019.8756862","title":"Design of an Energy-Efficient Multidimensional Secure Constellation for 5G Communications","display_name":"Design of an Energy-Efficient Multidimensional Secure Constellation for 5G Communications","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2960751357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2019.8756862","mag":"2960751357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccw.2019.8756862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2019.8756862","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318442","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4133-2215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057324156","display_name":"Mounir Ghogho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0055-7867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mounir Ghogho","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717357","display_name":"Junqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-2926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084710654","display_name":"Des McLernon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8278-6171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Des McLernon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110911326","display_name":"Jing Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5838-5826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011903629","display_name":"Syed Ali Raza Zaidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1969-3727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Ali Raza Zaidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1167,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44038816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.8792133331298828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.6548306941986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6209036111831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5956085324287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5446008443832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5342976450920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48945677280426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.46618741750717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.4617403447628021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.459812730550766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4429042637348175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.41324174404144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4059017300605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3221239447593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25143009424209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20852401852607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13119074702262878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1300380527973175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1129535436630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10619720816612244}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.8792133331298828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.6548306941986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6209036111831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5956085324287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5446008443832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5342976450920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48945677280426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.46618741750717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4617403447628021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.459812730550766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4429042637348175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.41324174404144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4059017300605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3221239447593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25143009424209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20852401852607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13119074702262878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1300380527973175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1129535436630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10619720816612244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccw.2019.8756862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2019.8756862","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:145381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Proceedings Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985482119","https://openalex.org/W2130853101","https://openalex.org/W2143533442","https://openalex.org/W2162753156","https://openalex.org/W2295120647","https://openalex.org/W2316600383","https://openalex.org/W2408070589","https://openalex.org/W2438522066","https://openalex.org/W2575889535","https://openalex.org/W2589911916","https://openalex.org/W2748965642","https://openalex.org/W2767575819","https://openalex.org/W2794722241","https://openalex.org/W2896288600","https://openalex.org/W2896813713","https://openalex.org/W2918716361","https://openalex.org/W3100500011","https://openalex.org/W3103393854","https://openalex.org/W6760623147"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2293149949","https://openalex.org/W3118484777","https://openalex.org/W2134916061","https://openalex.org/W4393237428","https://openalex.org/W2155567810","https://openalex.org/W2344765023","https://openalex.org/W3010469571","https://openalex.org/W2463053673","https://openalex.org/W2393478743","https://openalex.org/W4290996306"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Energy":[0],"efficiency":[1,21,25,34],"and":[2,26,37,51,80],"security":[3,79],"are":[4],"two":[5],"important":[6],"metrics":[7],"for":[8,89,96],"the":[9,30,47,63,78,90,94,97,107,118,134,137],"fifth":[10],"generation":[11],"(5G)":[12],"wireless":[13],"networks.":[14],"Existing":[15],"constellation":[16,42,65],"designs":[17],"often":[18],"consider":[19],"spectral":[20],"but":[22],"neglect":[23],"energy":[24,33,48],"security.":[27],"We":[28],"define":[29],"concept":[31],"of":[32,35,117,120],"constellations":[36],"propose":[38],"a":[39,114],"multidimensional":[40],"secure":[41],"(MSC)":[43],"design":[44],"to":[45,61,76,142],"improve":[46],"efficiency,":[49],"security,":[50],"bit":[52],"error":[53],"rate":[54],"(BER)":[55],"performance.":[56],"A":[57,70,86],"general":[58],"closed-form":[59,87],"algorithm":[60],"construct":[62],"n-dimensional":[64],"mapping":[66],"codebook":[67],"is":[68,74,100,140],"proposed.":[69],"multi-dimensional":[71],"rotation":[72],"method":[73,139],"proposed":[75,98,138],"enhance":[77],"prevent":[81],"eavesdroppers":[82],"from":[83],"recovering":[84],"symbols.":[85],"expressions":[88],"upper":[91],"bound":[92],"on":[93],"BER":[95,115],"MSC":[99,111],"obtained.":[101],"Simulation":[102],"results":[103],"show":[104],"that":[105],"when":[106],"dimension":[108],"reaches":[109],"255,":[110],"can":[112],"achieve":[113],"performance":[116],"order":[119],"10":[121],"<sup":[122,152],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[123,153],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-4</sup>":[124,154],"at":[125,150],"SNR":[126,148],"=":[127],"-8dB":[128],"without":[129],"binary":[130],"channel":[131],"coding.":[132],"For":[133],"same":[135],"throughput,":[136],"shown":[141],"outperform":[143],"polar":[144],"coding":[145],"(1-2":[146],"dB":[147],"gain":[149],"BER=10":[151],").":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}