{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2297541993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2016.7503869","title":"Hybrid analog-digital beam training for mmWave systems with low-resolution RF phase shifters","display_name":"Hybrid analog-digital beam training for mmWave systems with low-resolution RF phase shifters","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2297541993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2016.7503869","mag":"2297541993"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccw.2016.7503869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2016.7503869","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCW.2016.7503869","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036091683","display_name":"Danilo De Donno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1253-9084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danilo De Donno","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071439553","display_name":"Joan Palacios Beltr\u00e1n","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joan Palacios Beltran","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070594563","display_name":"Domenico Giustiniano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3136-4176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domenico Giustiniano","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064963698","display_name":"Joerg Widmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6667-8779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joerg Widmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"700","last_page":"705"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7156840562820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6711799502372742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.5986648797988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5871549844741821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamwidth","display_name":"Beamwidth","score":0.5788318514823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5738171935081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5681048631668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.5509377121925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-antenna","display_name":"Smart antenna","score":0.4681335389614105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-budget","display_name":"Link budget","score":0.44447222352027893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.40392500162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.27339819073677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19164907932281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18211665749549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.15142613649368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.11025747656822205}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7156840562820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6711799502372742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.5986648797988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5871549844741821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190060920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876232","display_name":"Beamwidth","level":3,"score":0.5788318514823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5738171935081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5681048631668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.5509377121925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.4681335389614105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94137725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509342","display_name":"Link budget","level":3,"score":0.44447222352027893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.40392500162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.27339819073677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19164907932281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18211665749549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.15142613649368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.11025747656822205}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccw.2016.7503869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2016.7503869","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:2638001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCW.2016.7503869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Workshop on 5G RAN Design, in conjunction with the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2016), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 27 May 2016","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:2638001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCW.2016.7503869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Workshop on 5G RAN Design, in conjunction with the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2016), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 27 May 2016","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488668773","https://openalex.org/W1546718391","https://openalex.org/W1561346312","https://openalex.org/W1586395257","https://openalex.org/W1980231160","https://openalex.org/W1981661761","https://openalex.org/W2045041000","https://openalex.org/W2049791297","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2398681825","https://openalex.org/W6980204667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207918248","https://openalex.org/W2130785056","https://openalex.org/W4214917784","https://openalex.org/W2506626932","https://openalex.org/W2037755532","https://openalex.org/W2620095399","https://openalex.org/W1488668773","https://openalex.org/W2006021297","https://openalex.org/W4288602396","https://openalex.org/W2914555611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter":[0],"wave":[1],"(mmWave)":[2],"wireless":[3],"technologies":[4],"are":[5,117,149],"expected":[6],"to":[7,22,119,125,151,169],"exploit":[8],"large-scale":[9],"multiple-input":[10],"multiple-output":[11],"and":[12,20,28,37,87,157],"adaptive":[13],"antenna":[14,58,85],"arrays":[15],"at":[16],"both":[17],"the":[18,34,45,82,97,113,137,153,170],"transmitter":[19],"receiver":[21],"deal":[23],"with":[24,73,160],"unfavorable":[25],"radio":[26,42],"propagation":[27],"realize":[29],"sufficient":[30],"link":[31],"margin.":[32],"However,":[33],"high":[35],"cost":[36],"power":[38],"consumption":[39],"of":[40,47,66,76,84,139,172],"mmWave":[41],"components":[43],"prohibit":[44],"use":[46],"fully-digital":[48,130],"precoding/combining":[49],"architectures,":[50],"which":[51],"incurs":[52],"one":[53],"dedicated":[54],"RF":[55,77,89],"chain":[56],"per":[57],"element.":[59],"This":[60],"paper":[61],"proposes":[62],"a":[63,74,104,129],"practical":[64],"design":[65],"multi-beamwidth":[67],"codebook":[68],"exploiting":[69],"hybrid":[70,115,147],"analog-digital":[71],"architectures":[72],"number":[75,83],"chains":[78],"much":[79],"lower":[80,165],"than":[81],"elements":[86],"2-bit":[88],"phase":[90],"shifters.":[91],"The":[92],"proposed":[93],"solution":[94],"relies":[95],"on":[96],"orthogonal":[98],"matching":[99],"pursuit":[100],"algorithm":[101],"enhanced":[102],"by":[103,128],"dynamic":[105],"dictionary":[106],"learning":[107],"mechanism.":[108],"Simulation":[109],"results":[110],"show":[111],"that":[112],"designed":[114],"codebooks":[116,148],"able":[118,150],"shape":[120],"beam":[121,143],"patterns":[122],"very":[123],"close":[124],"those":[126],"attained":[127],"beamforming":[131],"architecture.":[132],"Furthermore,":[133],"when":[134],"leveraged":[135],"in":[136],"framework":[138],"an":[140],"adaptive,":[141],"multiresolution":[142],"training":[144],"protocol,":[145],"our":[146],"estimate":[152],"most":[154],"promising":[155],"angle-of-departure":[156],"angle-of-arrival":[158],"directions":[159],"extreme":[161],"accuracy,":[162],"yet":[163],"requiring":[164],"complexity":[166],"hardware":[167],"compared":[168],"state":[171],"art.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
