{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075401058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2013.6649376","title":"Performance evaluation of modified OFDM for underwater communications","display_name":"Performance evaluation of modified OFDM for underwater communications","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075401058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2013.6649376","mag":"2075401058"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccw.2013.6649376","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2013.6649376","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026854116","display_name":"Prashant Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1017-2378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132153292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/01ft5vz71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prashant Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India","Electr. Eng. Dept., Indian Inst. of Technol. Patna, Patna, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. Eng. Dept., Indian Inst. of Technol. Patna, Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100624587","display_name":"Preetam Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9015-5123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132153292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/01ft5vz71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Preetam Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India","Electr. Eng. Dept., Indian Inst. of Technol. Patna, Patna, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. Eng. Dept., Indian Inst. of Technol. Patna, Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6404,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90749887,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"967","last_page":"971"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.8543795347213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.6930065155029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.6893697381019592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.6432441473007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustic-communication","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","score":0.5913695096969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5838738679885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5831307768821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-scheme","display_name":"Diversity scheme","score":0.5221369862556458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.48080411553382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-gain","display_name":"Diversity gain","score":0.41704171895980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hadamard-transform","display_name":"Hadamard transform","score":0.4161321818828583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.39075642824172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33029693365097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.28661030530929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.2266255021095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19994932413101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1819608509540558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.1528291404247284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.8543795347213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.6930065155029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.6893697381019592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.6432441473007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.5913695096969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5838738679885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5831307768821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198746922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230593","display_name":"Diversity scheme","level":4,"score":0.5221369862556458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.48080411553382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164785522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283966","display_name":"Diversity gain","level":4,"score":0.41704171895980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60292330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1014065","display_name":"Hadamard transform","level":2,"score":0.4161321818828583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.39075642824172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33029693365097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.28661030530929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2266255021095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19994932413101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1819608509540558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.1528291404247284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccw.2013.6649376","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2013.6649376","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1613133585","https://openalex.org/W1977107716","https://openalex.org/W1992485832","https://openalex.org/W1996894018","https://openalex.org/W2031614119","https://openalex.org/W2089419749","https://openalex.org/W2093137341","https://openalex.org/W2105862752","https://openalex.org/W2107417471","https://openalex.org/W2119947624","https://openalex.org/W2129086287","https://openalex.org/W2149767217","https://openalex.org/W2167236010","https://openalex.org/W2169484109","https://openalex.org/W2170984917"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109762180","https://openalex.org/W2152091471","https://openalex.org/W2797745808","https://openalex.org/W1978177774","https://openalex.org/W2184020688","https://openalex.org/W2111256278","https://openalex.org/W1597069607","https://openalex.org/W2886788935","https://openalex.org/W2158609028","https://openalex.org/W2115203713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"orthogonal":[1,152],"frequency":[2,13],"division":[3],"multiplexing":[4],"(OFDM)":[5],"can":[6,16],"reduce":[7],"errors":[8],"in":[9,103],"underwater":[10,68,163],"channels":[11],"but":[12,84],"selective":[14],"fading":[15,83],"still":[17],"degrade":[18],"the":[19,32,146,169],"data":[20],"on":[21],"carriers":[22],"near":[23],"deep":[24],"fade":[25],"regions.":[26],"Recently":[27],"spread-OFDM":[28],"(SOFDM)":[29],"which":[30],"combines":[31],"properties":[33],"of":[34,96,105,125,173,180,188,193],"spread":[35],"spectrum":[36],"with":[37,116],"multicarrier":[38],"communication":[39,70],"has":[40],"become":[41],"popular.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44,97],"paper":[45],"spreading":[46,74,153,170],"by":[47,154,157],"Walsh-Hadamard":[48],"(WH)":[49],"codes,":[50],"discrete":[51,55],"Fourier":[52],"transform":[53,57],"(DFT),":[54],"cosine":[56],"(DCT)":[58],"and":[59,81,110,176],"carrier":[60],"interferometry":[61],"(CI)":[62],"codes":[63],"have":[64],"been":[65],"compared":[66],"for":[67,162],"acoustic":[69],"using":[71],"OFDM.":[72],"The":[73,94,165],"technique":[75],"not":[76],"only":[77],"helps":[78],"overcome":[79],"frequency-selective":[80],"multipath":[82],"also":[85,135,160],"provides":[86],"reduced":[87],"peak":[88],"to":[89,121,130,183],"average":[90],"power":[91],"ratio":[92],"(PAPR).":[93],"performance":[95,148],"modified":[98],"OFDM":[99],"scheme":[100,167],"is":[101,119,134,159],"evaluated":[102,161],"terms":[104],"bit":[106],"error":[107],"rate":[108],"(BER)":[109],"PAPR.":[111],"Simulation":[112],"results":[113],"show":[114],"that":[115,137],"CI-SOFDM":[117,138,158],"it":[118],"possible":[120],"achieve":[122,184],"a":[123,149,185,191],"BER":[124,147,192],"1e-4":[126],"at":[127,190],"15dB":[128],"signal":[129,182],"noise":[131],"ratio.":[132],"It":[133],"shown":[136],"offers":[139],"best":[140],"PAPR":[141],"performance.":[142],"To":[143],"further":[144,186],"improve":[145],"two":[150],"level":[151],"WH":[155,174],"followed":[156],"communication.":[164],"proposed":[166],"exploits":[168],"gain":[171,187],"diversity":[172],"code":[175],"phase":[177],"characteristic":[178],"property":[179],"CI":[181],"1dB":[189],"1e-4.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
