{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2036177634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2011.6130463","title":"Self-adaptive Gaussian mixture model for urban traffic monitoring system","display_name":"Self-adaptive Gaussian mixture model for urban traffic monitoring system","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2036177634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2011.6130463","mag":"2036177634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccvw.2011.6130463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2011.6130463","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101507455","display_name":"Zezhi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2582-4108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zezhi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Imaging Research Centre, School of Computing and Information Systems, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, UK","Digital Imaging Research Centre, School of Computing and Information Systems, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon, Thames, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Imaging Research Centre, School of Computing and Information Systems, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Imaging Research Centre, School of Computing and Information Systems, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon, Thames, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010679676","display_name":"Tim Ellis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4618-643X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Ellis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Imaging Research Centre, School of Computing and Information Systems, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, UK","Digital Imaging Research Centre, School of Computing and Information Systems, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon, Thames, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Imaging Research Centre, School of Computing and Information Systems, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Imaging Research Centre, School of Computing and Information Systems, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon, Thames, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101507455"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.091,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89221224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1769","last_page":"1776"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.8413394689559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7787127494812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.6583857536315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.6426560878753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6145690679550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-network-model","display_name":"Gaussian network model","score":0.5919798612594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jaccard-index","display_name":"Jaccard index","score":0.5768136382102966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5446810126304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.4795672297477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45799335837364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.4392925202846527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.42144230008125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3589343726634979}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.8413394689559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7787127494812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.6583857536315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.6426560878753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6145690679550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166550679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263400","display_name":"Gaussian network model","level":3,"score":0.5919798612594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203519979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865360","display_name":"Jaccard index","level":3,"score":0.5768136382102966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5446810126304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.4795672297477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45799335837364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.4392925202846527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.42144230008125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3589343726634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccvw.2011.6130463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2011.6130463","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.kingston.ac.uk:22177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/id/eprint/22177/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400991","display_name":"Research Repository (Kingston University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801636071","host_organization_name":"Kingston Hospital NHS Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801636071"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50432363","https://openalex.org/W73245265","https://openalex.org/W1499877760","https://openalex.org/W1573546770","https://openalex.org/W1591479547","https://openalex.org/W1909412588","https://openalex.org/W1977071017","https://openalex.org/W1994304612","https://openalex.org/W1995303293","https://openalex.org/W2013964555","https://openalex.org/W2033453961","https://openalex.org/W2035720976","https://openalex.org/W2035866593","https://openalex.org/W2065441822","https://openalex.org/W2070177605","https://openalex.org/W2096781172","https://openalex.org/W2098067183","https://openalex.org/W2102625004","https://openalex.org/W2106909224","https://openalex.org/W2107600292","https://openalex.org/W2111918405","https://openalex.org/W2115415549","https://openalex.org/W2115609520","https://openalex.org/W2121274305","https://openalex.org/W2125587358","https://openalex.org/W2134288846","https://openalex.org/W2140235142","https://openalex.org/W2141572457","https://openalex.org/W2152565110","https://openalex.org/W2154445449","https://openalex.org/W2159301048","https://openalex.org/W2164734564","https://openalex.org/W2170140722","https://openalex.org/W2532535446","https://openalex.org/W3094885158","https://openalex.org/W4237743494","https://openalex.org/W6602016701","https://openalex.org/W6634202927","https://openalex.org/W6640077042","https://openalex.org/W6674509028","https://openalex.org/W6680014113"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2620469466","https://openalex.org/W2155354377","https://openalex.org/W2011323037","https://openalex.org/W1993524181","https://openalex.org/W4244119470","https://openalex.org/W2002381192","https://openalex.org/W4361022438","https://openalex.org/W2049028248","https://openalex.org/W3162483426","https://openalex.org/W2386749094"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identifying":[0],"moving":[1,25],"vehicles":[2],"is":[3,36,54],"a":[4,47,74],"critical":[5],"task":[6],"for":[7,39,56],"an":[8,85],"urban":[9,109],"traffic":[10,110],"monitoring":[11],"system.":[12],"With":[13],"static":[14],"cameras,":[15],"background":[16,28,40,43,61,94],"subtraction":[17],"techniques":[18,45],"are":[19],"commonly":[20,37],"used":[21,38],"to":[22,79,97],"separate":[23],"foreground":[24],"objects":[26],"from":[27],"at":[29],"the":[30,60,143],"pixel":[31],"level.":[32],"Gaussian":[33,76,145],"mixture":[34,77,146],"model":[35,62,78,95],"modelling.":[41],"Most":[42],"modelling":[44],"use":[46],"single":[48],"leaning":[49],"rate":[50,89],"of":[51,93,105,126],"adaptation":[52,96],"which":[53],"inadequate":[55],"complex":[57],"scenes":[58],"as":[59],"cannot":[63],"deal":[64,98],"with":[65,99,112,138],"sudden":[66,113],"illumination":[67,92,114],"changes.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"we":[72],"propose":[73],"self-adaptive":[75],"address":[80],"these":[81],"problems.":[82],"We":[83],"introduce":[84],"online":[86],"dynamical":[87],"learning":[88],"and":[90,134],"global":[91],"fast":[100],"changing":[101],"scene":[102],"illumination.":[103],"Results":[104],"experiments":[106],"using":[107],"manually-annotated":[108],"video":[111],"changes":[115],"illustrate":[116],"that":[117],"our":[118],"algorithm":[119],"achieves":[120],"consistently":[121],"better":[122],"performance":[123],"in":[124],"terms":[125],"ROC":[127],"curve,":[128],"detection":[129],"accuracy,":[130],"Matthews":[131],"correction":[132],"coefficient":[133,136],"Jaccard":[135],"compared":[137],"other":[139],"approaches":[140],"based":[141],"on":[142],"widely-used":[144],"model.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}