{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032453512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2011.6130285","title":"GPU &amp;amp; CPU cooperative accelerated pedestrian and vehicle detection","display_name":"GPU &amp;amp; CPU cooperative accelerated pedestrian and vehicle detection","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032453512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2011.6130285","mag":"2032453512"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccvw.2011.6130285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2011.6130285","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100753703","display_name":"Takashi Machida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5586-4346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293612202","display_name":"Toyota Motor Corporation (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p0pbv75","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293612202","https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210137853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165351","display_name":"Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05mjgqe69","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210165351"]}],"countries":["CH","JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Machida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Road Environment Recognition Lab, Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Nagakute, Aichi, Japan","Road Environment Recognition Lab., Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Road Environment Recognition Lab, Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Nagakute, Aichi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165351"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Road Environment Recognition Lab., Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293612202"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112678813","display_name":"Takashi Naito","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293612202","display_name":"Toyota Motor Corporation (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p0pbv75","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293612202","https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210137853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165351","display_name":"Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05mjgqe69","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210165351"]}],"countries":["CH","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Naito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Road Environment Recognition Lab, Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Nagakute, Aichi, Japan","Road Environment Recognition Lab., Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Road Environment Recognition Lab, Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Nagakute, Aichi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165351"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Road Environment Recognition Lab., Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293612202"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100753703"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293612202","https://openalex.org/I4210165351"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0605,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89005456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"506","last_page":"513"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8291587829589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-detection","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","score":0.8172710537910461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.7681047916412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-processing-unit","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","score":0.7416802048683167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6561980247497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-processing-unit","display_name":"Central processing unit","score":0.6439962387084961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.6400071978569031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-purpose-computing-on-graphics-processing-units","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","score":0.6155675649642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.5337052941322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.4792309105396271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4392687976360321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43325304985046387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sliding-window-protocol","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","score":0.41256183385849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38991445302963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.2554624676704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.24384796619415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.23534172773361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.2342478632926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.2183493971824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.19391471147537231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07962697744369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06265920400619507}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8291587829589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780156472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2355550","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","level":3,"score":0.8172710537910461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.7681047916412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183484","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","level":2,"score":0.7416802048683167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6561980247497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49154492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5300","display_name":"Central processing unit","level":2,"score":0.6439962387084961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.6400071978569031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.6155675649642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.5337052941322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.4792309105396271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4392687976360321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43325304985046387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102392041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592860","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","level":3,"score":0.41256183385849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38991445302963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2554624676704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24384796619415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.23534172773361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2342478632926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2183493971824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.19391471147537231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07962697744369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06265920400619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccvw.2011.6130285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2011.6130285","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528445814","https://openalex.org/W1558057344","https://openalex.org/W1599933961","https://openalex.org/W2058130919","https://openalex.org/W2097509141","https://openalex.org/W2099355420","https://openalex.org/W2108560551","https://openalex.org/W2110169948","https://openalex.org/W2118585731","https://openalex.org/W2121955477","https://openalex.org/W2127420331","https://openalex.org/W2142645932","https://openalex.org/W2142679357","https://openalex.org/W2144922748","https://openalex.org/W2148715444","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2164042219","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W6631557743","https://openalex.org/W6633301156","https://openalex.org/W6635891616","https://openalex.org/W6677656871","https://openalex.org/W6681686773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352028961","https://openalex.org/W2124097254","https://openalex.org/W2151046618","https://openalex.org/W1969233021","https://openalex.org/W3026806648","https://openalex.org/W2167646277","https://openalex.org/W2063573318","https://openalex.org/W2388314963","https://openalex.org/W1972148443","https://openalex.org/W2032453512"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,60,71,80,84,128,131,140,155,160,163,170],"fast":[4],"pedestrian":[5,72,78,118],"and":[6,16,27,73,93,119,130,178,182],"vehicle":[7,120],"detection":[8,88,137,147],"framework":[9,89,116],"that":[10],"integrates":[11],"GPU":[12,129],"(graphics":[13],"processing":[14,171],"unit)":[15],"CPU":[17,132],"implementations.":[18],"We":[19,53],"employ":[20,55],"the":[21,28,38,56,68,74,77,113],"Histograms":[22],"of":[23,41,49,70,76,173],"Oriented":[24],"Gradients":[25],"(HoG)":[26],"Feature":[29],"Interaction":[30],"Descriptor":[31],"(FIND)":[32],"as":[33],"object":[34],"descriptors.":[35],"FIND":[36,104],"describes":[37],"high-level":[39],"properties":[40],"an":[42],"object's":[43],"appearance":[44],"by":[45],"computing":[46],"pair-wise":[47],"interactions":[48],"adjacent":[50],"region-level":[51],"features.":[52,105],"also":[54],"cascade":[57],"approach":[58],"in":[59,95,135],"sliding-window":[61],"manner":[62],"with":[63],"multi-classifiers":[64],"specialized":[65],"for":[66,117],"both":[67,127,180],"direction":[69],"distance":[75],"to":[79,107],"camera":[81],"installed":[82],"on":[83,101,126,159],"vehicle.":[85],"Although":[86],"our":[87,136,142,166],"can":[90,145,154],"detect":[91],"pedestrians":[92,181],"vehicles":[94],"images,":[96],"it":[97],"wastes":[98],"computational":[99],"cost":[100],"calculating":[102],"high-dimensional":[103],"Therefore,":[106],"realize":[108],"real-time":[109],"processing,":[110],"we":[111],"utilize":[112],"NVIDIA":[114],"CUDA":[115],"detection.":[121],"Three":[122],"parallelization":[123],"techniques":[124,168],"implemented":[125],"are":[133],"incorporated":[134],"framework.":[138],"As":[139],"result,":[141],"proposed":[143],"implementation":[144,157],"perform":[146],"more":[148],"than":[149,153],"30":[150],"times":[151],"faster":[152],"conventional":[156],"running":[158],"CPU.":[161],"For":[162],"640\u00d7480":[164],"image,":[165],"parallel":[167],"attain":[169],"speed":[172],"23.8":[174],"fps":[175],"(42":[176],"[ms])":[177],"detects":[179],"vehicles.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
