{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2023479223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457601","title":"Unsupervised ink type recognition in ancient manuscripts","display_name":"Unsupervised ink type recognition in ancient manuscripts","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2023479223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457601","mag":"2023479223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457601","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457601","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, ICCV Workshops","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014858949","display_name":"Aaron Licata","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94951947","display_name":"University of Westminster","ror":"https://ror.org/04ycpbx82","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aaron Licata","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Westminster, London, UK","[School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Westminster, London, UK]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Westminster, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Westminster, London, UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063682950","display_name":"\u0391\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03a8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3167-3454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94951947","display_name":"University of Westminster","ror":"https://ror.org/04ycpbx82","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra Psarrou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Westminster, London, UK","[School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Westminster, London, UK]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Westminster, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Westminster, London, UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041375961","display_name":"Vassiliki Kokla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-9178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94951947","display_name":"University of Westminster","ror":"https://ror.org/04ycpbx82","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vassiliki Kokla","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Westminster, London, UK","[School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Westminster, London, UK]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Westminster, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Westminster, London, UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014858949"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24380776,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"955","last_page":"961"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14319","display_name":"Currency Recognition and Detection","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inkwell","display_name":"Inkwell","score":0.7137734889984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6660928130149841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6264708042144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6174046993255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6019996404647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6014865636825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5392642617225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.4692053198814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.46536707878112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3420262038707733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.11489561200141907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109693293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496072","display_name":"Inkwell","level":2,"score":0.7137734889984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6660928130149841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6264708042144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6174046993255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6019996404647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6014865636825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5392642617225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.4692053198814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.46536707878112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3420262038707733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.11489561200141907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457601","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457601","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, ICCV Workshops","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1996538584","https://openalex.org/W2032245283","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2108082645","https://openalex.org/W2117279342","https://openalex.org/W2128060444","https://openalex.org/W2141376824","https://openalex.org/W2142793595","https://openalex.org/W2156821767","https://openalex.org/W2163247119","https://openalex.org/W2787778830","https://openalex.org/W4239269065","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6676515226"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2326635610","https://openalex.org/W2508766897","https://openalex.org/W2371758386","https://openalex.org/W2008795977","https://openalex.org/W2357946863","https://openalex.org/W2131699760","https://openalex.org/W2385576285","https://openalex.org/W2153024664","https://openalex.org/W2374624380","https://openalex.org/W4378446704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,13,39,42,54,69,73,79,81,90,97],"the":[2,9,27,37,51,67,70,74,91],"tasks":[3],"facing":[4],"historians":[5],"and":[6,49,57,94],"conservationists":[7],"is":[8,20,84],"authentication":[10],"or":[11,29],"dating":[12],"medieval":[14],"manuscripts.":[15],"To":[16],"this":[17],"end":[18],"it":[19],"important":[21],"to":[22],"verify":[23],"whether":[24],"writings":[25],"on":[26],"same":[28],"different":[30],"manuscripts":[31],"are":[32],"concurrent.":[33],"This":[34],"work":[35],"considers":[36],"problem":[38],"capturing":[40],"images":[41],"manuscript":[43],"pages":[44],"in":[45,76],"near-infrared":[46],"(NIR)":[47],"spectrum":[48],"compare":[50],"ink":[52],"appearance":[53],"segmented":[55],"text":[56],"their":[58],"textural":[59],"features.":[60],"We":[61],"present":[62],"feature":[63,92],"descriptors":[64,93],"that":[65],"capture":[66],"variability":[68],"visual":[71],"properties":[72],"inks":[75,80],"NIR.":[77],"Comparison":[78],"unknown":[82],"composition":[83],"achieved":[85],"through":[86],"unsupervised":[87],"multi-dimensional":[88],"clustering":[89],"similarity":[95],"measures":[96],"derived":[98],"probability":[99],"density":[100],"functions.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
