{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3003029874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccve45908.2019.8964853","title":"Spatial Positioning Token (SPToken) for Smart Mobility","display_name":"Spatial Positioning Token (SPToken) for Smart Mobility","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3003029874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccve45908.2019.8964853","mag":"3003029874"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccve45908.2019.8964853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccve45908.2019.8964853","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008042301","display_name":"Roman Overko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5164-5675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roman Overko","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland","University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058500031","display_name":"Rodrigo Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez-Hurtado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9053-8482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145784","display_name":"IBM Research - Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/04jnxr720","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210145784"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigo Ordonez-Hurtado","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,Ireland","IBM Research, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042402060","display_name":"Sergiy Zhuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0956-8909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145784","display_name":"IBM Research - Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/04jnxr720","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210145784"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergiy Zhuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research,Ireland","IBM Research, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research,Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079397064","display_name":"Pietro Ferraro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9195-3880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Ferraro","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland","University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032051586","display_name":"Andrew Cullen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-6433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Cullen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland","University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036373073","display_name":"Robert Shorten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-2499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Shorten","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland","University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8213,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92670663,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-ledger","display_name":"Distributed ledger","score":0.8254379034042358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.7915154695510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7312822341918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6272441744804382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6186933517456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/token-economy","display_name":"Token economy","score":0.4432360827922821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3870731592178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.34072619676589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3045126795768738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28743958473205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.247505784034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.17483636736869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1397780478000641}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777541363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110971","display_name":"Distributed ledger","level":3,"score":0.8254379034042358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.7915154695510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7312822341918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6272441744804382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6186933517456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155076860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932004","display_name":"Token economy","level":3,"score":0.4432360827922821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3870731592178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.34072619676589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3045126795768738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28743958473205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.247505784034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.17483636736869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1397780478000641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccve45908.2019.8964853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccve45908.2019.8964853","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554944419","https://openalex.org/W1976843608","https://openalex.org/W2126236329","https://openalex.org/W2135247979","https://openalex.org/W2145457662","https://openalex.org/W2171033594","https://openalex.org/W2462689321","https://openalex.org/W2552627818","https://openalex.org/W2566758857","https://openalex.org/W2569271578","https://openalex.org/W2583813242","https://openalex.org/W2605157201","https://openalex.org/W2750990725","https://openalex.org/W2793423901","https://openalex.org/W2795942711","https://openalex.org/W2801673812","https://openalex.org/W2807760453","https://openalex.org/W2807979099","https://openalex.org/W2903709398","https://openalex.org/W2907953482","https://openalex.org/W2913553952","https://openalex.org/W2963582321","https://openalex.org/W3007902803","https://openalex.org/W4299805495","https://openalex.org/W6729807388","https://openalex.org/W6733377374","https://openalex.org/W6743617358","https://openalex.org/W6752126435","https://openalex.org/W6756777732","https://openalex.org/W6758296254"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253897078","https://openalex.org/W4283163498","https://openalex.org/W3160375675","https://openalex.org/W4221010187","https://openalex.org/W4320037181","https://openalex.org/W3164536060","https://openalex.org/W4360999634","https://openalex.org/W4392013030","https://openalex.org/W4283391561","https://openalex.org/W4381329650"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"introduce":[1],"a":[2,13,22,37],"distributed":[3,24],"ledger":[4],"technology":[5],"(DLT)":[6],"design":[7],"for":[8],"smart":[9],"mobility":[10],"applications.":[11],"As":[12],"use":[14],"case":[15],"of":[16,33],"the":[17],"proposed":[18],"DLT,":[19],"we":[20],"present":[21],"blockchain-supported":[23],"reinforcement":[25],"learning":[26],"innovation":[27],"to":[28],"determine":[29],"an":[30],"unknown":[31],"distribution":[32],"traffic":[34],"patterns":[35],"in":[36],"city.":[38]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}