{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414955708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccv51701.2025.00153","title":"PRO-VPT: Distribution-Adaptive Visual Prompt Tuning via Prompt Relocation","display_name":"PRO-VPT: Distribution-Adaptive Visual Prompt Tuning via Prompt Relocation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414955708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccv51701.2025.00153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccv51701.2025.00153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccv51701.2025.00153","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.06901","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110526771","display_name":"C. Shang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chikai Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xiamen University,Key Laboratory of Multimedia Trusted Perception and Efficient Computing, Ministry of Education of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xiamen University,Key Laboratory of Multimedia Trusted Perception and Efficient Computing, Ministry of Education of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100730941","display_name":"Mengke Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9433-9683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengke Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329235","display_name":"Yiqun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0986-7618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457674","display_name":"Zhen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1815-3801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126499","display_name":"Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02e6k9z27","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177639307","https://openalex.org/I4210126499","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAIR, HKISI, CAS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAIR, HKISI, CAS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111345734","display_name":"Jinlin Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126499","display_name":"Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02e6k9z27","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177639307","https://openalex.org/I4210126499","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinlin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAIR, HKISI, CAS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAIR, HKISI, CAS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015603138","display_name":"Fang Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-0585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangqing Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100657954","display_name":"Yang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0004-0486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xiamen University,Key Laboratory of Multimedia Trusted Perception and Efficient Computing, Ministry of Education of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xiamen University,Key Laboratory of Multimedia Trusted Perception and Efficient Computing, Ministry of Education of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038516431","display_name":"Yiu\u2010ming Cheung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7629-4648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiu-ming Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Baptist University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Baptist University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1558","last_page":"1568"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9745000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9745000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9190999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relocation","display_name":"Relocation","score":0.612500011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.555899977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.5102999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.3644999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7026000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779019381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3499564","display_name":"Relocation","level":2,"score":0.612500011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.555899977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.5102999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174839445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134386","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccv51701.2025.00153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccv51701.2025.00153","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.06901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.06901","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.06901","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2503.06901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2503.06901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.06901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.06901","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.06901","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2459477163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024A1515010163","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3311253694","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62376233,62306181,62476063,62306313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visual":[0],"prompt":[1,8,32,144,173,184],"tuning":[2],"(VPT),":[3],"i.e.,":[4],"fine-tuning":[5],"some":[6],"lightweight":[7],"tokens,":[9],"provides":[10],"an":[11,75],"efficient":[12],"and":[13,66,70,98,111,175,216,229],"effective":[14],"approach":[15],"for":[16],"adapting":[17],"pre-trained":[18],"models":[19],"to":[20,64,73,165,224],"various":[21],"downstream":[22],"tasks.":[23],"However,":[24],"most":[25,167],"prior":[26],"art":[27],"indiscriminately":[28],"uses":[29],"a":[30,101,105,119,136,143,187],"fixed":[31],"distribution":[33,54,77,93,133,185],"across":[34],"different":[35],"tasks,":[36],"neglecting":[37],"the":[38,46,92,132,166,182,193],"importance":[39],"of":[40,196],"each":[41],"block":[42],"varying":[43],"depending":[44],"on":[45,114,227],"task.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49,81,149],"paper,":[50],"we":[51,86,117,141],"introduce":[52],"adaptive":[53,76],"optimization":[55,138],"(ADO)":[56],"by":[57,80,161,213],"tackling":[58],"two":[59,152],"key":[60,102],"questions:":[61],"(1)":[62],"How":[63,72],"appropriately":[65],"formally":[67],"define":[68],"ADO,":[69],"(2)":[71],"design":[74],"strategy":[78,146],"guided":[79],"definition?":[82],"Through":[83],"empirical":[84],"analysis,":[85],"first":[87],"confirm":[88],"that":[89,104,201],"properly":[90],"adjusting":[91],"significantly":[94,204],"improves":[95],"VPT":[96,121,207,212],"performance,":[97],"further":[99],"uncover":[100],"insight":[103],"nested":[106,137,188],"relationship":[107],"exists":[108],"between":[109],"ADO":[110],"VPT.":[112,197],"Based":[113],"these":[115,163],"findings,":[116],"propose":[118],"new":[120],"framework,":[122],"termed":[123],"PRO-VPT":[124,210],"(iterative":[125],"Prompt":[126],"RelOcation-based":[127],"VPT),":[128],"which":[129],"adaptively":[130,180],"adjusts":[131],"built":[134],"upon":[135],"formulation.":[139],"Specifically,":[140],"develop":[142],"relocation":[145,174],"derived":[147],"from":[148,157],"formulation,":[150],"comprising":[151],"steps:":[153],"pruning":[154],"idle":[155],"prompts":[156,164],"prompt-saturated":[158],"blocks,":[159],"followed":[160],"allocating":[162],"prompt-needed":[168],"blocks.":[169],"By":[170],"iteratively":[171],"performing":[172],"VPT,":[176],"our":[177,202],"proposal":[178,203],"can":[179],"learn":[181],"optimal":[183],"in":[186],"optimization-based":[189],"manner,":[190],"thereby":[191],"unlocking":[192],"full":[194],"potential":[195],"Extensive":[198],"experiments":[199],"demonstrate":[200],"outperforms":[205],"advanced":[206],"methods,":[208],"e.g.,":[209],"surpasses":[211],"1.6":[214],"pp":[215,218],"2.0":[217],"average":[219],"accuracy,":[220],"leading":[221],"prompt-based":[222],"methods":[223],"state-of-the-art":[225],"performance":[226],"VTAB-1k":[228],"FGVC":[230],"benchmarks.":[231],"The":[232],"code":[233],"is":[234],"available":[235],"at":[236],"https://github.com/ckshang/PRO-VPT.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-09T00:00:00"}