{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3151597212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccv.2003.1238432","title":"Incorporating the Torrance and Sparrow model of reflectance in uncalibrated photometric stereo","display_name":"Incorporating the Torrance and Sparrow model of reflectance in uncalibrated photometric stereo","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3151597212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccv.2003.1238432","mag":"3151597212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccv.2003.1238432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccv.2003.1238432","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048765684","display_name":"Georghiades","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Georghiades","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048765684"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.5642,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":203,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97475396,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"816","last_page":"823 vol.2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photometric-stereo","display_name":"Photometric stereo","score":0.8401474952697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.7635147571563721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.602059543132782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5957860946655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5115381479263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.4530087411403656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffuse-reflection","display_name":"Diffuse reflection","score":0.44251298904418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.41706162691116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3769310712814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.22215914726257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15125367045402527}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44365914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17120636","display_name":"Photometric stereo","level":3,"score":0.8401474952697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.7635147571563721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.602059543132782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5957860946655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5115381479263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.4530087411403656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82261727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154504","display_name":"Diffuse reflection","level":2,"score":0.44251298904418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.41706162691116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3769310712814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.22215914726257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15125367045402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccv.2003.1238432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccv.2003.1238432","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308380","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332491","display_name":"Raymond and Beverly Sackler Institute for Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506013575","https://openalex.org/W1528946842","https://openalex.org/W1604674053","https://openalex.org/W1967721316","https://openalex.org/W1986024259","https://openalex.org/W1989108207","https://openalex.org/W2007152267","https://openalex.org/W2045932639","https://openalex.org/W2066303290","https://openalex.org/W2092352808","https://openalex.org/W2092686707","https://openalex.org/W2097691467","https://openalex.org/W2099225574","https://openalex.org/W2099734199","https://openalex.org/W2103788848","https://openalex.org/W2106805947","https://openalex.org/W2122585444","https://openalex.org/W2122883383","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2137467304","https://openalex.org/W2148673968","https://openalex.org/W2158018118","https://openalex.org/W2160203169","https://openalex.org/W2295208326","https://openalex.org/W2740531459","https://openalex.org/W4206747997","https://openalex.org/W4307023419","https://openalex.org/W6674932179","https://openalex.org/W6680392342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554604122","https://openalex.org/W2158018118","https://openalex.org/W1979498522","https://openalex.org/W3194234974","https://openalex.org/W2744088300","https://openalex.org/W2037556522","https://openalex.org/W2103381853","https://openalex.org/W1988111210","https://openalex.org/W2122157311","https://openalex.org/W2542608701"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Under":[0],"the":[1,20,29,46,49,66,90,93,99,106,128,134,139,149,155,175,180,185,194],"Lambertian":[2],"reflectance":[3,26,67,94,113,142,152,189,196],"model,":[4,27,33],"uncalibrated":[5,35],"photometric":[6,36],"stereo":[7],"with":[8,83,111,169],"unknown":[9,84],"light":[10,50,80],"sources":[11,51],"is":[12],"inherently":[13],"ambiguous.":[14],"In":[15,133],"this":[16,41],"paper,":[17],"we":[18],"consider":[19],"use":[21],"of":[22,69,73,92,102,124,130,136,166,179],"a":[23,70,122],"more":[24,59],"general":[25],"namely":[28],"Torrance":[30],"and":[31,63,86,172,188],"Sparrow":[32],"in":[34,58,154],"stereo.":[37],"We":[38,115,157],"demonstrate":[39,159],"that":[40],"can":[42,55,64,97],"not":[43],"only":[44],"resolve":[45],"ambiguity":[47],"when":[48,174],"are":[52,182],"unknown,":[53],"but":[54],"also":[56,158],"result":[57],"accurate":[60],"surface":[61,186],"reconstructions":[62,187],"capture":[65],"properties":[68,190],"large":[71],"number":[72],"nonLambertian":[74,125],"surfaces.":[75],"Our":[76],"method":[77],"uses":[78],"single":[79],"source":[81],"images":[82,165],"lighting":[85,171],"no":[87],"knowledge":[88],"about":[89],"parameters":[91],"model.":[95,197],"It":[96],"recover":[98],"3D":[100],"shape":[101],"surfaces":[103,126],"(up":[104],"to":[105,146],"binary":[107],"convex/concave":[108],"ambiguity)":[109],"together":[110],"their":[112],"properties.":[114],"have":[116],"successfully":[117],"tested":[118],"our":[119,131],"algorithm":[120],"on":[121,163],"variety":[123],"demonstrating":[127],"effectiveness":[129],"approach.":[132],"case":[135],"human":[137],"faces,":[138],"estimated":[140],"skin":[141,151],"has":[143],"been":[144],"shown":[145],"closely":[147],"resemble":[148],"measured":[150],"reported":[153],"literature.":[156],"improved":[160],"recognition":[161],"results":[162],"4050":[164],"10":[167],"faces":[168,181],"variable":[170],"viewpoint":[173],"synthetic":[176],"image-based":[177],"representations":[178],"generated":[183],"using":[184],"recovered":[191],"while":[192],"assuming":[193],"extended":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-01-26T23:06:41.788003","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
