{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391742924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct59356.2023.10419774","title":"Automatic Modulation Classification Based on Complex-Valued Convolutional Neural Network and Semi-Supervised Learning","display_name":"Automatic Modulation Classification Based on Complex-Valued Convolutional Neural Network and Semi-Supervised Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391742924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct59356.2023.10419774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icct59356.2023.10419774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct59356.2023.10419774","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111128169","display_name":"Congguang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18452120","display_name":"Yantai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rp41m56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congguang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronic Information, YanTai University,YanTai,China","School of Physics and Electronic Information, YanTai University, YanTai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronic Information, YanTai University,YanTai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronic Information, YanTai University, YanTai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010365496","display_name":"Zhuoran Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9793-8684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18452120","display_name":"Yantai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rp41m56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoran Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronic Information, YanTai University,YanTai,China","School of Physics and Electronic Information, YanTai University, YanTai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronic Information, YanTai University,YanTai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronic Information, YanTai University, YanTai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102756869","display_name":"Baojie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1511-0897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18452120","display_name":"Yantai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rp41m56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baojie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronic Information, YanTai University,YanTai,China","School of Physics and Electronic Information, YanTai University, YanTai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronic Information, YanTai University,YanTai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronic Information, YanTai University, YanTai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5863,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86397491,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"241","last_page":"246"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7922862768173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6970924139022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.662438690662384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6385892629623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.5639739632606506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.5576058030128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5381529927253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5174123048782349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.487781822681427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.47606557607650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4578148424625397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.45778122544288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.44434720277786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.43371278047561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.31542474031448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.16896310448646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10555821657180786}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7922862768173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6970924139022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.662438690662384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6385892629623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.5639739632606506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.5576058030128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5381529927253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5174123048782349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.487781822681427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.47606557607650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4578148424625397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.45778122544288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.44434720277786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.43371278047561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.31542474031448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.16896310448646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10555821657180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icct59356.2023.10419774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct59356.2023.10419774","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2603396821","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2734408173","https://openalex.org/W2884089434","https://openalex.org/W2900967017","https://openalex.org/W2908997014","https://openalex.org/W2917677817","https://openalex.org/W2960503565","https://openalex.org/W2968867107","https://openalex.org/W2986739745","https://openalex.org/W3013935691","https://openalex.org/W3038716110","https://openalex.org/W3088383832","https://openalex.org/W3098755434","https://openalex.org/W3133961835","https://openalex.org/W3138656191","https://openalex.org/W3205971195","https://openalex.org/W3208175814","https://openalex.org/W4285222140","https://openalex.org/W4286255690","https://openalex.org/W4313117776","https://openalex.org/W4386078135","https://openalex.org/W4386432186","https://openalex.org/W4386495285","https://openalex.org/W6730655975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2786459840","https://openalex.org/W2545213287","https://openalex.org/W2336181987","https://openalex.org/W2054719951","https://openalex.org/W3089664461","https://openalex.org/W4389477274","https://openalex.org/W1976405282","https://openalex.org/W2078869233","https://openalex.org/W1157983132","https://openalex.org/W2392764151"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,145],"recent":[1,89],"years,":[2,90],"with":[3],"the":[4,12,21,166,175,185,195,201,204],"rapid":[5],"development":[6],"of":[7,14,23,50,138,154,171,180,190,203],"5G":[8],"and":[9,35,76,91,165,177,197],"intelligent":[10],"communication,":[11],"proliferation":[13],"wireless":[15],"terminal":[16],"devices":[17],"has":[18,82,98,103],"led":[19],"to":[20,111],"scarcity":[22],"spectrum":[24,33],"resources.":[25],"Cognitive":[26],"radio,":[27],"as":[28],"a":[29,38,84,135,151],"key":[30],"technology":[31],"for":[32,123,141],"regulation":[34],"management,":[36],"plays":[37],"crucial":[39],"role":[40],"in":[41,88,95],"automatic":[42,54,66],"modulation":[43,55,67,113,124],"classification,":[44],"which":[45],"is":[46,156,169,192],"an":[47,65],"essential":[48],"part":[49],"cognitive":[51],"radio.":[52],"Therefore,":[53],"classification":[56,68,114,125,186],"techniques":[57],"have":[58],"become":[59],"increasingly":[60],"important.":[61],"This":[62],"paper":[63],"proposes":[64],"method":[69,160],"based":[70,128],"on":[71,129,134,194],"Complex-Valued":[72],"Convolutional":[73],"Neural":[74],"Network":[75],"Semi-Supervised":[77],"Learning":[78],"(CCNN-SSL).":[79],"Deep":[80],"learning":[81,110,121],"been":[83,99,105],"hot":[85],"research":[86],"topic":[87],"its":[92],"remarkable":[93],"performance":[94,189],"image":[96],"recognition":[97,148],"widely":[100],"recognized.":[101],"It":[102],"also":[104],"found":[106],"that":[107],"applying":[108],"deep":[109,120],"signal":[112,147],"achieves":[115],"promising":[116],"results.":[117],"However,":[118],"existing":[119],"methods":[122],"are":[126],"primarily":[127],"fully":[130],"supervised":[131],"learning,":[132],"relying":[133],"large":[136],"amount":[137,153],"annotated":[139],"data":[140,155],"neural":[142],"network":[143],"training.":[144],"practical":[146],"tasks,":[149],"annotating":[150],"significant":[152],"costly.":[157],"The":[158,188],"proposed":[159,205],"effectively":[161],"addresses":[162],"this":[163],"issue,":[164],"CCNN":[167],"model":[168],"capable":[170],"extracting":[172],"features":[173],"from":[174],"real":[176],"imaginary":[178],"parts":[179],"complex-valued":[181],"signals,":[182],"thereby":[183],"improving":[184],"accuracy.":[187],"CCNN-SSL":[191],"validated":[193],"RML2016.10A":[196],"RML2016.10B":[198],"datasets,":[199],"demonstrating":[200],"superiority":[202],"approach.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
