{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391742928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct59356.2023.10419591","title":"Beamforming Optimization for Cell-Free MIMO Systems Aided by Irregular RIS","display_name":"Beamforming Optimization for Cell-Free MIMO Systems Aided by Irregular RIS","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391742928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct59356.2023.10419591"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icct59356.2023.10419591","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct59356.2023.10419591","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101398997","display_name":"Yunfeng Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-6792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfeng Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,China,210003"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,China,210003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085032455","display_name":"Hao Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8009-8244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,China,210003"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,China,210003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108900556","display_name":"Ziheng Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengcong Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,China,210003"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,China,210003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059710405","display_name":"Longxiang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1927-0177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longxiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,China,210003"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,China,210003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075509135","display_name":"Yao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4496-2650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135237710","display_name":"Zhejiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vevwk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua,China,321004"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua,China,321004","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6226,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84381939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"815","last_page":"820"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7706706523895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6788197159767151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5354758501052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.42397594451904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24500685930252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22004523873329163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7706706523895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6788197159767151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5354758501052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42397594451904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24500685930252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22004523873329163}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icct59356.2023.10419591","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct59356.2023.10419591","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2762541595","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W3035049807","https://openalex.org/W3113871758","https://openalex.org/W3125788208","https://openalex.org/W3133817254","https://openalex.org/W3202611610","https://openalex.org/W4206098274","https://openalex.org/W4210261652","https://openalex.org/W4212913394","https://openalex.org/W4289535596","https://openalex.org/W4290714072","https://openalex.org/W4328027187","https://openalex.org/W4385413333","https://openalex.org/W4386025753"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4311414679","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W2724724053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"intelligent":[1],"surface":[2],"(RIS)":[3],"is":[4,129,132],"a":[5,52,59,79,124],"recently":[6],"emerging":[7],"technology":[8],"that":[9,85,147],"can":[10,86,186],"achieve":[11],"energy":[12],"saving":[13],"for":[14,136],"the":[15,19,26,35,48,68,97,105,108,114,119,137,141,148,157,161,166,169,180,184],"wireless":[16,101],"communication.":[17],"However,":[18],"increase":[20],"of":[21,29,38,55,76,82,90,99,107,140],"RIS":[22,56,77,83,150,159],"elements":[23,57,84],"results":[24,145],"in":[25,64],"high":[27],"complexity":[28],"beam":[30],"design,":[31],"as":[32,34],"well":[33],"non-negligible":[36],"overhead":[37],"channel":[39,42],"estimation":[40],"and":[41,92,179],"feedback.":[43],"Therefore,":[44],"how":[45],"to":[46,66,95,134],"improve":[47,96],"system":[49],"performance":[50,98],"with":[51,78,165],"limited":[53,80],"number":[54,81],"becomes":[58],"challenge.":[60],"In":[61],"this":[62],"paper,":[63],"order":[65],"solve":[67],"above":[69],"problems,":[70],"we":[71],"proposed":[72,130,170],"an":[73],"irregular":[74,142,149],"structure":[75,139],"provide":[87],"additional":[88],"degrees":[89],"freedom":[91],"spatial":[93],"diversity":[94],"RIS-aided":[100],"communications.":[102],"Specifically,":[103],"under":[104,160],"constraint":[106],"user's":[109],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[110],"ratio":[111],"(SINR),":[112],"minimizing":[113],"total":[115,153],"transmit":[116,181],"power":[117,155,182],"at":[118,183],"access":[120],"points":[121],"(APs).":[122],"Besides,":[123],"hybrid":[125,171],"genetic":[126],"algorithm":[127,173],"(GA)":[128],"which":[131],"applied":[133],"search":[135,177],"optimal":[138],"RIS.":[143],"Simulation":[144],"indicate":[146],"has":[151,174],"lower":[152],"transmission":[154],"than":[156],"regular":[158],"same":[162],"conditions.":[163],"Compared":[164],"GA":[167,172],"algorithm,":[168],"better":[175],"topology":[176],"result,":[178],"APs":[185],"be":[187],"further":[188],"reduced.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
