{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4360996469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct56141.2022.10073284","title":"The Design of a Novel Hardware Trojan without Inactive Signal for AES","display_name":"The Design of a Novel Hardware Trojan without Inactive Signal for AES","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4360996469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct56141.2022.10073284"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icct56141.2022.10073284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icct56141.2022.10073284","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100841646","display_name":"Kaiyu Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaiyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040705485","display_name":"Fang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5832-1016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023371171","display_name":"Ning Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0616-3460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080825387","display_name":"Jin Sen Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016336597","display_name":"Fen Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fen Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100841646"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18741857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1159","last_page":"1163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-trojan","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","score":0.9672179222106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.9450394511222839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.6389067769050598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6118690371513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5776152014732361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-encryption-standard","display_name":"Advanced Encryption Standard","score":0.5511859059333801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5341749787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.5175737142562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.47238612174987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4344692826271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2315441370010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.23122528195381165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656397","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","level":3,"score":0.9672179222106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.9450394511222839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.6389067769050598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6118690371513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5776152014732361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94520183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190746","display_name":"Advanced Encryption Standard","level":3,"score":0.5511859059333801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5341749787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5175737142562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.47238612174987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4344692826271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2315441370010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.23122528195381165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icct56141.2022.10073284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icct56141.2022.10073284","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G426381496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201943052001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322857","funder_display_name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7582376457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61774086","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322857","display_name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/02wq41p38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002990987","https://openalex.org/W2047855165","https://openalex.org/W2099836087","https://openalex.org/W2122509673","https://openalex.org/W2151668694","https://openalex.org/W2161998562","https://openalex.org/W2188294739","https://openalex.org/W2207233201","https://openalex.org/W2403248509","https://openalex.org/W2964960678","https://openalex.org/W3036926273","https://openalex.org/W3084156520","https://openalex.org/W4245108087","https://openalex.org/W4246591995"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385434494","https://openalex.org/W3159333627","https://openalex.org/W3004467197","https://openalex.org/W1500594134","https://openalex.org/W2091750459","https://openalex.org/W4328053173","https://openalex.org/W2999465529","https://openalex.org/W3084939900","https://openalex.org/W2382172865","https://openalex.org/W1526642037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"on":[1,19],"hardware":[2,16,36,54],"Trojans":[3,17],"(HTs)":[4],"has":[5,102],"become":[6],"one":[7],"of":[8,89,109,112],"the":[9,66,100,110,113,122],"hot":[10],"spots":[11],"for":[12],"IC":[13],"industry.":[14],"The":[15,95],"relying":[18],"rare":[20,61,130],"switching":[21,62,131],"signals":[22,111],"may":[23],"be":[24],"detected":[25],"by":[26],"switch":[27,105],"probability":[28,106],"analysis":[29],"detections.":[30,46],"Therefore,":[31],"when":[32],"designing":[33],"a":[34,53,103],"stealthy":[35],"Trojan,":[37],"adversary":[38],"should":[39],"consider":[40],"how":[41],"to":[42,64],"defeat":[43],"these":[44],"Trojan":[45,55,81,101,123],"In":[47],"this":[48,77],"paper,":[49],"we":[50,79],"have":[51,125],"implemented":[52],"which":[56],"don't":[57],"use":[58],"or":[59],"generate":[60],"signals,":[63],"extract":[65],"key":[67],"from":[68],"an":[69],"Advanced":[70],"Encryption":[71],"Standard":[72],"(AES)":[73],"circuit.":[74,116],"To":[75],"achieve":[76],"objective,":[78],"designed":[80],"registers":[82,124],"in":[83,92,99,128],"trigger":[84],"part":[85],"and":[86,120],"used":[87],"product":[88],"sum":[90],"scheme":[91],"payload":[93],"part.":[94],"least":[96],"active":[97],"signal":[98],"higher":[104],"than":[107],"50.7%":[108],"original":[114],"AES":[115],"Compared":[117],"with":[118],"counter":[119],"LFSR,":[121],"better":[126],"performance":[127],"eliminating":[129],"signals.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
