{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206476222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct52962.2021.9658072","title":"TPE-MHA: A Malicious Traffic Detection Model Based on Time Position Encoding and Multi-head Attention","display_name":"TPE-MHA: A Malicious Traffic Detection Model Based on Time Position Encoding and Multi-head Attention","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206476222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct52962.2021.9658072"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icct52962.2021.9658072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct52962.2021.9658072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607878","display_name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101242927","display_name":"Yi Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8461-9705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156066","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/05803vc71","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156066"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University,State Key Laboratory of MEAC,ZhengZhou,CHINA","State Key Laboratory of MEAC, Information Engineering University, ZhengZhou, CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University,State Key Laboratory of MEAC,ZhengZhou,CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159","https://openalex.org/I38877650","https://openalex.org/I4210156066"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of MEAC, Information Engineering University, ZhengZhou, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100715994","display_name":"Bin Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7449-2269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156066","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/05803vc71","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156066"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University,State Key Laboratory of MEAC,ZhengZhou,CHINA","State Key Laboratory of MEAC, Information Engineering University, ZhengZhou, CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University,State Key Laboratory of MEAC,ZhengZhou,CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159","https://openalex.org/I38877650","https://openalex.org/I4210156066"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of MEAC, Information Engineering University, ZhengZhou, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023380073","display_name":"Xiaowei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0874-814X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156066","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/05803vc71","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156066"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"XiaoWei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University,State Key Laboratory of MEAC,ZhengZhou,CHINA","State Key Laboratory of MEAC, Information Engineering University, ZhengZhou, CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University,State Key Laboratory of MEAC,ZhengZhou,CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159","https://openalex.org/I38877650","https://openalex.org/I4210156066"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of MEAC, Information Engineering University, ZhengZhou, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101242927"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159","https://openalex.org/I38877650","https://openalex.org/I4210156066"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.308,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4354317,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"143","last_page":"151"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.82698655128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7000498175621033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.6606003642082214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5972358584403992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5778213143348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5346915125846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5298915505409241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49583038687705994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.49383315443992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4303853511810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4170505106449127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.41275089979171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16151544451713562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.82698655128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7000498175621033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6606003642082214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5972358584403992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5778213143348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5346915125846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5298915505409241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49583038687705994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.49383315443992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4303853511810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4170505106449127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.41275089979171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16151544451713562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icct52962.2021.9658072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct52962.2021.9658072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607878","display_name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W1977366836","https://openalex.org/W2009882563","https://openalex.org/W2077488147","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2335999708","https://openalex.org/W2342408547","https://openalex.org/W2597655663","https://openalex.org/W2604105233","https://openalex.org/W2606697812","https://openalex.org/W2612675303","https://openalex.org/W2772317693","https://openalex.org/W2789828921","https://openalex.org/W2803881474","https://openalex.org/W2893802323","https://openalex.org/W2963516518","https://openalex.org/W2996176555","https://openalex.org/W3009850146","https://openalex.org/W3017387519","https://openalex.org/W3024905798","https://openalex.org/W3033696346","https://openalex.org/W3044193521","https://openalex.org/W3095675976","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6679434410","https://openalex.org/W6735377749","https://openalex.org/W6737479944","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6785098198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2357468538","https://openalex.org/W1577110157","https://openalex.org/W2355007334","https://openalex.org/W2390009783","https://openalex.org/W4254602698","https://openalex.org/W2394461323","https://openalex.org/W4303961414","https://openalex.org/W3209829921","https://openalex.org/W2135144353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,66,83,91,105,117,176,185,194],"malicious":[3,24,60],"software":[4],"brings":[5],"severe":[6],"challenges":[7],"for":[8,17,158],"network":[9,85,134,177],"security,":[10],"hence":[11],"there":[12],"is":[13,42,163],"an":[14,154],"immediate":[15],"need":[16],"devising":[18],"efficient":[19],"anomaly":[20,29,51,160],"detection":[21,52,62,156],"caused":[22],"by":[23],"behavior.":[25],"Traditional":[26],"machine":[27],"learning-based":[28,50],"detections":[30],"are":[31,69],"highly":[32],"dependent":[33],"on":[34,71,130,165,182],"expert":[35],"knowledge":[36,175],"to":[37,57],"extract":[38],"the":[39,80,84,92,96,114,118,131,145,166,190,195],"features.":[40],"This":[41,99],"however":[43],"a":[44,123],"time-consuming":[45],"and":[46,87,103,121,136,149,170,187,192],"costly":[47],"process.":[48],"Deep":[49],"techniques":[53],"have":[54],"been":[55],"applied":[56],"build":[58],"end-to-end":[59,155],"traffic":[61,86,119,135,159],"models.":[63,107],"Since":[64],"most":[65],"these":[67,106,110],"works":[68],"based":[70,129,164,181],"image":[72],"recognition":[73],"or":[74],"text":[75,137],"classification":[76],"methods":[77],"they":[78],"ignore":[79],"structural":[81],"features":[82,120],"unbalanced":[88],"distributed":[89],"feature":[90],"data":[93],"packets":[94],"in":[95],"time":[97,125],"domain.":[98],"reduces":[100],"learning":[101],"capability":[102],"performance":[104],"To":[108],"address":[109],"issues,":[111],"we":[112,142],"analyze":[113],"hierarchical":[115],"structure":[116],"propose":[122],"new":[124],"position":[126],"encoding":[127],"technique":[128],"similarity":[132],"between":[133],"language.":[138],"Using":[139],"this":[140],"approach":[141],"then":[143],"devise":[144],"Time":[146],"Position":[147],"Encoding":[148],"Multihead":[150],"Attention":[151,168],"(TPE-MHA)":[152],"as":[153],"model":[157],"detection.":[161],"TPE-MHA":[162],"Multi-head":[167],"mechanism":[169],"does":[171],"not":[172],"require":[173],"prior":[174],"protocol.":[178],"Experimental":[179],"results":[180],"public":[183],"datasets":[184],"USTC-TFC2016":[186],"CICIDS2017":[188],"confirm":[189],"validity":[191],"efficiency":[193],"proposed":[196],"model.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
