{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206695780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct52962.2021.9658024","title":"Computational Electromagnetics for Efficient Control Design of Massive MIMO and Beyond","display_name":"Computational Electromagnetics for Efficient Control Design of Massive MIMO and Beyond","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206695780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct52962.2021.9658024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icct52962.2021.9658024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct52962.2021.9658024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607878","display_name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049770994","display_name":"Lu Ou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8441-781X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lu Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University,Changsha,Hunan,China","College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University,Changsha,Hunan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100711225","display_name":"Jinxin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3797-5093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinxin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University,Changsha,Hunan,China","College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University,Changsha,Hunan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084617578","display_name":"Baiquan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9375-7683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baiquan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU),Guangzhou,Guangdong,China","School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU),Guangzhou,Guangdong,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038802926","display_name":"Xianbo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8870-0586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianbo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU),Guangzhou,Guangdong,China","School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU),Guangzhou,Guangdong,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090793356","display_name":"Qingqing Ke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9434-1161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingqing Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU),Zhuhai,Guangdong,China","School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU),Zhuhai,Guangdong,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060130987","display_name":"Zhengji Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0265-6228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengji Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU),Zhuhai,Guangdong,China","School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU),Zhuhai,Guangdong,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032638703","display_name":"Shuyan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1393-9271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU),Zhuhai,Guangdong,China","School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU),Zhuhai,Guangdong,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072593783","display_name":"Gengzhen Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5035-8017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gengzhen Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU),Zhuhai,Guangdong,China","School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU),Zhuhai,Guangdong,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080246526","display_name":"Shaolin Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaolin Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU),Guangzhou,Guangdong,China","Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU),Guangzhou,Guangdong,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049770994"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4335,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52101757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"519","last_page":"524"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8215836882591248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.6816650629043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5931439995765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-user-mimo","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","score":0.5526236295700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5054636001586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.49854016304016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.47853168845176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.43970435857772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.4225251078605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41897061467170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.401968389749527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17258965969085693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14368191361427307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8215836882591248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.6816650629043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5931439995765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.5526236295700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5054636001586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.49854016304016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.47853168845176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.43970435857772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.4225251078605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41897061467170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.401968389749527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17258965969085693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14368191361427307}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icct52962.2021.9658024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct52962.2021.9658024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607878","display_name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3042863875","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021JJ40117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4455367263","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"kq2004027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327081","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Bureau, Changsha"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G494063011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321160","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327081","display_name":"Science and Technology Bureau, Changsha","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524573041","https://openalex.org/W1986778675","https://openalex.org/W2057859940","https://openalex.org/W2072415256","https://openalex.org/W2089768721","https://openalex.org/W2104396719","https://openalex.org/W2536076834","https://openalex.org/W2963391296","https://openalex.org/W2995330189","https://openalex.org/W3005347223","https://openalex.org/W3025061635","https://openalex.org/W3035702742","https://openalex.org/W3040360205","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3043119790","https://openalex.org/W3043248209","https://openalex.org/W3043810557","https://openalex.org/W3091842477","https://openalex.org/W3093857651","https://openalex.org/W3094164592","https://openalex.org/W3100544904","https://openalex.org/W3126652913","https://openalex.org/W3128904958","https://openalex.org/W4229618324"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W8831699","https://openalex.org/W9811718","https://openalex.org/W9829415","https://openalex.org/W4946962","https://openalex.org/W10470919","https://openalex.org/W2218591","https://openalex.org/W1701586","https://openalex.org/W7607497","https://openalex.org/W1224547","https://openalex.org/W176264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"Multiple":[1,3],"Inputs":[2],"Outputs":[4],"(MIMO)":[5],"is":[6,22,105],"becoming":[7],"one":[8],"of":[9,82,128,133,137,181,186,201,206,215,235],"the":[10,29,129,134,138,144,148,154,159,167,171,179,183,187,202,207,233,236],"enable":[11],"techniques":[12],"in":[13,147],"modern":[14],"wireless":[15],"communication":[16,40],"like":[17],"5G/6G":[18],"and":[19,41,44,63,87,94,107,113,121,142,162,170,219],"beyond,":[20,88],"it":[21,152],"important":[23],"to":[24,33,178,199,231],"design":[25,55,81,225],"efficient":[26,79],"controls":[27],"for":[28,52,58,78,89,109,193,212],"MIMO":[30,60,84,112,116,139,196,218,221],"antenna":[31,61,85,140],"arrays":[32,62,141],"realize":[34],"critical":[35],"functions":[36],"such":[37,53,68],"as":[38,175,190],"high-throughput":[39],"beamforming.":[42],"Efficient":[43],"rigorous":[45],"Computational":[46],"Electromagnetics":[47],"(CEM)":[48],"algorithms":[49],"are":[50],"key":[51],"control":[54,80,123,155,160,163,224],"problem,":[56],"especially":[57],"massive":[59,83],"beyond.":[64],"Here":[65],"we":[66],"present":[67],"universal":[69,106],"Fast":[70],"Fourier":[71],"Transform":[72],"(FFT)":[73],"based":[74],"iterative":[75,102],"CEM":[76,103],"algorithm":[77,104,188],"array":[86],"example":[90],"Reconfigurable":[91],"Intelligent":[92,96],"Surface":[93,97],"Large":[95],"(RIS/LIS)":[98],"MIMO.":[99],"Our":[100],"FFT-based":[101],"works":[108],"both":[110,216],"discrete":[111,217],"quasi-continuous":[114],"RIS/LIS":[115,220],"under":[117,158,222],"various":[118,223],"realistic":[119],"amplitude":[120,161],"phase":[122,164],"constraints.":[124],"It":[125],"makes":[126],"use":[127,180],"translation":[130],"invariant":[131],"property":[132],"dyadic":[135],"function":[136],"compute":[143],"convolution":[145],"operator":[146],"spectral":[149],"domain.":[150],"Then":[151],"updates":[153],"parameters":[156],"iteratively":[157],"constraints,":[165],"with":[166],"incident":[168],"field":[169,174],"target":[172],"output":[173],"inputs.":[176],"Due":[177],"FFT,":[182],"computational":[184],"effort":[185],"scales":[189],"<tex>$N\\log":[191],"N$</tex>":[192],"<tex>$N=N_{x}\\times":[194],"N_{b}$</tex>":[195],"antennas,":[197],"compared":[198],"<tex>$N^{3}$</tex>":[200],"direct":[203],"solving":[204],"method":[205],"linear":[208],"equation.":[209],"Numerical":[210],"simulation":[211],"6G":[213],"beamforming":[214],"constraints":[226],"has":[227],"been":[228],"carried":[229],"out":[230],"show":[232],"efficiency":[234],"algorithm.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}